Fix the treatment of lexically scoped kind variables (Trac #8856)

The issue here is described in Note [Binding scoped type variables] in
TcPat.  When implementing this fix I was able to make things quite a
bit simpler:
 * The type variables in a type signature now never unify
   with each other, and so can be straightfoward skolems.
 * We only need the SigTv stuff for signatures in patterns,
   and for kind variables.

(cherry picked from commit cf1a0f97)