Avoids contention for the block allocator lock in the GC; this can be
seen in the gc_alloc_block_sync counter emitted by +RTS -s.

I experimented with this a while ago, and there was already
commented-out code for it in GCUtils.c, but I've now improved it so that
it doesn't result in significantly worse memory usage.

* The old method of putting spare blocks on ws->part_list was wasteful,
  the spare blocks are now shared between all generations and retained
  between GCs.

* repeated allocGroup() results in fragmentation, so I switched to using
  allocLargeChunk() instead which is fragmentation-friendly; we already
  use it for the same reason in nursery allocation.