In prelRules we had:

  tx_con_tte :: DynFlags -> AltCon -> AltCon
  tx_con_tte _      DEFAULT      = DEFAULT
  tx_con_tte dflags (DataAlt dc)
    | tag == 0  = DEFAULT   -- See Note [caseRules for tagToEnum]
    | otherwise = LitAlt (mkMachInt dflags (toInteger tag))

The tag==0 case is totally wrong, and led directly to Trac #14768.

See "Beware" in Note [caseRules for tagToEnum] (in the patch).

Easily fixed, though!