This single commit combines a lot of work done by
Thijs Alkemade <thijsalkemade@gmail.com>, plus a slew
of subsequent refactoring by Simon PJ.

The basic idea is
* Add a new expression form "_", a hole, standing for a not-yet-written expression
* Give a useful error message that
   (a) gives the type of the hole
   (b) gives the types of some enclosing value bindings that
       mention the hole

Driven by this goal I did a LOT of refactoring in TcErrors, which in turn
allows us to report enclosing value bindings for other errors, not just
holes.  (Thijs rightly did not attempt this!)

The major data type change is a new form of constraint
  data Ct = ...
    	  | CHoleCan {
    	      cc_ev       :: CtEvidence,
    	      cc_hole_ty  :: TcTauType,
    	      cc_depth    :: SubGoalDepth }

I'm still in two minds about whether this is the best plan. Another
possibility would be to have a predicate type for holes, somthing like
   class Hole a where
     holeValue :: a

It works the way it is, but there are some annoying special cases for
CHoleCan (just grep for "CHoleCan").