Ryan Scott authored Mar 24, 2020 and Marge Bot committed Mar 29, 2020

Within `checkValidDataCon`, we used to run `checkValidType` on the
argument types of a newtype constructor before running
`checkNewDataCon`, which ensures that the user does not attempt
non-sensical things such as newtypes with multiple arguments or
constraints. This works out in most situations, but this falls over
on a corner case revealed in #17955:

```hs
newtype T = Coercible () T => T ()
```

`checkValidType`, among other things, peforms an ambiguity check on
the context of a data constructor, and that it turn invokes the
constraint solver. It turns out that there is a special case in the
constraint solver for representational equalities (read: `Coercible`
constraints) that causes newtypes to be unwrapped (see
`Note [Unwrap newtypes first]` in `TcCanonical`). This special case
does not know how to cope with an ill formed newtype like `T`, so
it ends up panicking.

The solution is surprisingly simple: just invoke `checkNewDataCon`
before `checkValidType` to ensure that the illicit newtype
constructor context is detected before the constraint solver can
run amok with it.

Fixes #17955.