Summary:
Because we weren't checking for duplicate variables on the right-hand
sides of pattern synonyms, bogus definitions like this one passed the renamer:

```lang=haskell
pattern Foo a <- (a,a)
```

Luckily, the fix is simple.

Test Plan: make test TEST=T14114

Reviewers: mpickering, austin, bgamari, simonpj

Reviewed By: simonpj

Subscribers: simonpj, rwbarton, thomie

GHC Trac Issues: #14114

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.haskell.org/D3866