I'm feeling particularly sadistic towards GHC at the moment, and so I fed it this:

import Data.Kind

data Proxy :: forall k. k -> Type where
  MkProxy :: forall k (a :: k). Proxy a

data X where
  MkX :: forall (k :: Type) (a :: k). Proxy a -> X

type Expr = (MkX :: forall (a :: Bool). Proxy a -> X)

type family Foo (x :: forall (a :: k). Proxy a -> X) where
  Foo (MkX :: forall (a :: k). Proxy a -> X) = (MkProxy :: Proxy k)

Incredibly, GHC accepts it! And it even means what I wish it to, with GHCi telling me the following (with -fprint-explicit-kinds):

λ> :i Foo
type family Foo k (x :: forall (a :: k). Proxy k a -> X)
            :: Proxy * k
  where [k] Foo k ('MkX k) = 'MkProxy * k

That is, I wished to extract the kind parameter to MkK, matching against a partially-applied MkX, and GHC understood that intention.

However, sadly, writing Foo Expr produces

    • Expected kind ‘forall (a :: k0). Proxy k0 a -> X’,
        but ‘Expr a0’ has kind ‘Proxy Bool a0 -> X’
    • In the first argument of ‘Foo’, namely ‘Expr’
      In the type ‘Foo Expr’
      In the type family declaration for ‘XXX’

For some reason, Expr is getting instantiated when it shouldn't be.

Perhaps there's a simpler test case demonstrating the bug, but I feel so gleeful that this chicanery is accepted at all that I wanted to post.