It seems that only the static pointers in the module export list survive the Simplifier. This is a regression which doesn't seem to affect ghci/runghc only compiled code.

{-# LANGUAGE StaticPointers #-}

import GHC.StaticPtr

staticHello :: StaticPtr String
staticHello = static "hello"

main = do
  keys <- staticPtrKeys
  if null keys
    then error "static ptrs are not being registered"
    else putStrLn "Everything is fine"

pepe:~/scratch$ stack --resolver ghc-8.2.1 script --optimize bug-spt.hs  
Using resolver: ghc-8.2.1 specified on command line
bug-spt: static ptrs are not being registered
CallStack (from HasCallStack):
  error, called at bug-spt.hs:11:10 in main:Main
pepe:~/scratch$ stack --resolver ghc-8.0.2 script --optimize bug-spt.hs  
Using resolver: ghc-8.0.2 specified on command line
Everything is fine