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# GHC Commentary: The Runtime System
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CONVERSION ERROR
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(StatusCodeException (Response {responseStatus = Status {statusCode = 403, statusMessage = "Forbidden"}, responseVersion = HTTP/1.1, responseHeaders = [("Date","Sun, 10 Mar 2019 06:59:39 GMT"),("Server","Apache/2.2.22 (Debian)"),("Strict-Transport-Security","max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains"),("Vary","Accept-Encoding"),("Content-Encoding","gzip"),("Content-Length","253"),("Content-Type","text/html; charset=iso-8859-1")], responseBody = (), responseCookieJar = CJ {expose = []}, responseClose' = ResponseClose}) "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN\">\n<html><head>\n<title>403 Forbidden</title>\n</head><body>\n<h1>Forbidden</h1>\n<p>You don't have permission to access /trac/ghc/wiki/Commentary/Rts\non this server.</p>\n<hr>\n<address>Apache/2.2.22 (Debian) Server at ghc.haskell.org Port 443</address>\n</body></html>\n"))
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GHC's runtime system is a slightly scary beast: 50,000 lines of C and C-- code, much of which seems at first glance to be completely obscure. What on earth does the RTS *do*? Here are the highlights:
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Original source:
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- It includes all the bits required to execute Haskell code that aren't compiled into the code itself.
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```trac
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For example, the RTS contains the code that knows how to raise an exception when you call `error`,
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and code to implement the multi-precision `Integer` operations (via the GMP library).
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= GHC Commentary: The Runtime System =
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GHC's runtime system is a slightly scary beast: 50,000 lines of C and C-- code, much of which seems at first glance to be completely obscure. What on earth does the RTS ''do''? Here are the highlights:
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* It includes all the bits required to execute Haskell code that aren't compiled into the code itself.
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For example, the RTS contains the code that knows how to raise an exception when you call {{{error}}},
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and code to implement the multi-precision {{{Integer}}} operations (via the GMP library).
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* It includes a sophisticated storage manager, including a multi-generational garbage collector with copying
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and compacting strategies.
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* It includes a user-space scheduler for Haskell threads, together with support for scheduling Haskell threads
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across multiple CPUs, and allowing Haskell threads to call foreign functions in separate OS threads.
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* There's a byte-code interpreter for GHCi, and a dynamic linker for loading up object code into a GHCi session.
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* Heap-profiling (of various kinds) and time-profiling of Haskell code are included.
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* Support for Software Transactional Memory is now included...
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Next, we try to make sense of how it all fits together.
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== Block Diagram ==
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[[Image(rts-overview.png)]]
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== RTS: Contents ==
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/Config RTS Configurations]
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/Word The Word]
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/Cmm What the hell is a .cmm file?]
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/Storage The Storage Manager]
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/Sanity Sanity Checking]
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/HaskellExecution The Haskell Execution model]
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/Scheduler The Scheduler]
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/FFI So how does foreign import "wrapper" work?]
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/Interpreter GHCi support: the byte-code interpreter and dynamic linker]
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/AsyncExceptions Asynchronous exceptions]
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/STM Software Transactional Memory (STM)]
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/Weak Weak Pointers and Finalizers]
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/Conventions Coding conventions in the RTS]
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/Signals How Signals are handled]
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* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/IOManager The IO Manager thread]
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- It includes a sophisticated storage manager, including a multi-generational garbage collector with copying
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``` |
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and compacting strategies.
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- It includes a user-space scheduler for Haskell threads, together with support for scheduling Haskell threads
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across multiple CPUs, and allowing Haskell threads to call foreign functions in separate OS threads.
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- There's a byte-code interpreter for GHCi, and a dynamic linker for loading up object code into a GHCi session.
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- Heap-profiling (of various kinds) and time-profiling of Haskell code are included.
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- Support for Software Transactional Memory is now included...
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Next, we try to make sense of how it all fits together.
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## Block Diagram
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[](/trac/ghc/attachment/wiki/Commentary/Rts/rts-overview.png)
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## RTS: Contents
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- [RTS Configurations](commentary/rts/config)
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- [The Word](commentary/rts/word)
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- [What the hell is a .cmm file?](commentary/rts/cmm)
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- [The Storage Manager](commentary/rts/storage)
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- [Sanity Checking](commentary/rts/sanity)
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- [The Haskell Execution model](commentary/rts/haskell-execution)
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- [The Scheduler](commentary/rts/scheduler)
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- [So how does foreign import "wrapper" work?](commentary/rts/ffi)
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- [GHCi support: the byte-code interpreter and dynamic linker](commentary/rts/interpreter)
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- [Asynchronous exceptions](commentary/rts/async-exceptions)
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- [Software Transactional Memory (STM)](commentary/rts/stm)
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- [Weak Pointers and Finalizers](commentary/rts/weak)
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- [Coding conventions in the RTS](commentary/rts/conventions) |
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\ No newline at end of file |
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