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For many years the linker would simply map all of its memory with PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC. However operating systems have been becoming increasingly reluctant to accept this practice (e.g. #17353 and #12657) and for good reason: writable code is ripe for exploitation. Consequently mmapForLinker now maps its memory with PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE. After the linker has finished filling/relocating the mapping it must then call mmapForLinkerMarkExecutable on the sections of the mapping which contain executable code. Moreover, to make all of this possible it was necessary to redesign the m32 allocator. First, we gave (in an earlier commit) each ObjectCode its own m32_allocator. This was necessary since code loading and symbol resolution/relocation are currently interleaved, meaning that it is not possible to enforce W^X when symbols from different objects reside in the same page. We then redesigned the m32 allocator to take advantage of the fact that all of the pages allocated with the allocator die at the same time (namely, when the owning ObjectCode is unloaded). This makes a number of things simpler (e.g. no more page reference counting; the interface provided by the allocator for freeing is simpler). See Note [M32 Allocator] for details.
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