base: treat all FDs as "nonblocking" on wasm

On posix platforms, when performing read/write on FDs, we check the
nonblocking flag first. For FDs without this flag (e.g. stdout), we
call fdReady() first, which in turn calls poll() to wait for I/O to be
available on that FD. This is problematic for wasm32-wasi: although
select()/poll() is supported via the poll_oneoff() wasi syscall, that
syscall is rather heavyweight and runtime behavior differs in
different wasi implementations. The issue is even worse when targeting
browsers, given there's no satisfactory way to implement async I/O as
a synchronous syscall, so existing JS polyfills for wasi often give up
and simply return ENOSYS.

Before we have a proper I/O manager that avoids poll_oneoff() for
async I/O on wasm, this patch improves the status quo a lot by merely
pretending all FDs are "nonblocking". Read/write on FDs will directly
invoke read()/write(), which are much more reliably handled in
existing wasi implementations, especially those in browsers.

Fixes #23275 and the following test cases: T7773 isEOF001 openFile009
T4808 cgrun025

Approved by CLC proposal #234:
https://github.com/haskell/core-libraries-committee/issues/234

(cherry picked from commit 2eca52b4)