% % $Header: /home/cvs/root/haskell-report/report/haskell.verb,v 1.7 2001/08/23 16:16:57 simonpj Exp $ % % NOTE:-------------------------------------------------------------- % The formatting of this report and the ``new font selection scheme'' % for LaTeX don't agree w/ each other. Using an ``oldlfont'' style % option may help. % ------------------------------------------------------------------- % % ------------------------------------------------------------------- % formatting for ONE-SIDED printing: % * De-comment the \documentstyle, etc., here; comment out the % two-sided ones below. % * Change the definition of \startnewstuff (below). % * Copy the pre-built index file for one-sided printing: % cp haskell.ind.one-sided haskell.ind % * Comment out the "twosidefix" stuff from Joe Fasel, just below. % * If you don't have "makeindex", make the adjustments % listed in the README file. % * Run "make haskell.dvi" several times (three, at most) to be % sure that cross-references stabilise. [For the 1.1 report, % one run should be enough.] %\documentstyle[11pt,makeidx]{article} %\oddsidemargin=.25in %\evensidemargin=.25in % formatting for double-sided \documentclass[titlepage,twoside,11pt]{article} \usepackage{makeidx} \usepackage{graphicx} \evensidemargin=0in \oddsidemargin=.5in % Inverted for SIGPLAN -- Page 1 is a LEFT page!! %\evensidemargin=.5in %\oddsidemargin=0in %--------------------------------------------------------------------- % Joe Fasel said this "twosidefix" is necessary if you really % have a two-sided printer: % (note: double @@'s for verbatim-ery) \makeatletter \def\titlepage{\@@restonecolfalse\if@@twocolumn\@@restonecoltrue\onecolumn \else \newpage \fi \thispagestyle{empty}\c@@page\m@@ne} \def\endtitlepage{\if@@twoside\newpage\thispagestyle{empty}\hbox{} \else \c@@page\@@z \fi \if@@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi} \makeatother %--------------------------------------------------------------------- \sloppy % the major sections have \cleardoublepages between them % if you want those between EVERY section, change the % following defn: \newcommand{\startnewsection}{\clearpage} % % if doing one-sided printing, change this defn to % be just "\clearpage": \newcommand{\startnewstuff}{\cleardoublepage} % keep some pages from looking unbelievably appalling \raggedbottom % Fix those ugly floating figures. \renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.1} \renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1} \renewcommand{\topfraction}{1.0} \renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{1.0} % table of contents: show only down to subsections \setcounter{tocdepth}{2} % general formatting \textheight=8.5in \textwidth=6.0in \topmargin=0in \pagestyle{headings} \makeindex % an extra thing for makeindex \renewcommand{\seealso}[2]{{\em see also\/} #1} % NEWCOMMANDS % general \newcommand{\folks}[1]{\begin{quote}\sf#1\end{quote}} \newcommand{\sectionpart}[1]{\vspace{2 ex}\noindent{\bf #1}} \newcommand{\bq}{\begin{quote}} \newcommand{\eq}{\end{quote}} \newcommand{\bt}{\begin{tabular}} \newcommand{\et}{\end{tabular}} \newcommand{\bto}{\begin{tabular}} \newcommand{\eto}{\end{tabular}} \newcommand{\bi}{\begin{itemize}} \newcommand{\ei}{\end{itemize}} \newcommand{\struthack}[1]{\rule{0pt}{#1}} \newcommand{\inputHS}{\input} \newcommand{\ToDo}[1]{} %\newcommand{\ToDo}[1]{({\bf $\spadesuit$ ToDo:} {\em #1})} \newcommand{\WeSay}[1]{} %\newcommand{\WeSay}[1]{({\bf $\clubsuit$ YaleSays:} {\em #1})} \newcommand{\anchor}[2]{#2} % indexing \newcommand{\indextt}[1]{\index{#1@@{\tt #1}}} \newcommand{\indexsyn}[1]{\index{#1@@{\it #1}}} \newcommand{\indexmodule}[1]{\index{#1@@{\tt #1} (module)}} \newcommand{\indextycon}[1]{\index{#1@@{\tt #1} (datatype)}} \newcommand{\indexsynonym}[1]{\index{#1@@{\tt #1} (type synonym)}} \newcommand{\indexclass}[1]{\index{#1@@{\tt #1} (class)}} \newcommand{\indexdi}[1]{\index{#1@@{\tt #1} (class)!derived instance}} \newcommand{\indexnote}[1]{#1n} \newcommand{\emptystr}{[\,]} \makeatletter \def\theindex{\@@restonecoltrue\if@@twocolumn\@@restonecolfalse\fi \columnseprule \z@@ \columnsep 35pt\twocolumn[\section*{Index} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Index} \input{index-intro}\vskip 20pt] \@@mkboth{INDEX}{INDEX}\thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@@ \parskip\z@@ plus .3pt\relax\let\item\@@idxitem } \makeatother % outlined figures \newcommand{\ecaption}[1]{\vspace{-1 ex}\caption{#1}\vspace{1 ex}} % partain fiddled here... % also had to change two lines in verbatim.lex from %{nl}"|"{sp} { printf ("$\\\\ \n$\\it "); % printf ("$\\>\\makebox[3em]{$|$}$\\it "); } % to % %{nl}"|"{sp} { printf ("$\\\\ \n$\\it "); % printf ("$\\>\\makebox[3.5em]{$|$}$\\it "); } % so things would still line up. Oh what a hack. % %\newcommand{\outline}{\outlinewidth{1.0}} %\newcommand{\outlinewidth}[2]{ %\begin{center} %\fbox{ \begin{minipage}{#1\textwidth} %\vspace{1 ex} %#2 %\end{minipage} } %\vspace{1 ex} %\end{center} %} % 6.0in (\textwidth) - 15pt (overfullness) ~=~ 415pt \newcommand{\outline}[1]{% \begin{center} \fbox{ \begin{minipage}{415pt} \vspace{1 ex} #1 \end{minipage} } \vspace{1 ex} \end{center} } \newcommand{\outlinec}{\outline} % Centered outlines in html % haskell code % partain fiddled here... % \newcommand{\bprog}{\par \begin{tabular}{|l} % \mbox \bgroup \begin{minipage} {\textwidth} } % 6.0in (\textwidth) - 17pt (\parindent) ~=~ 412pt %\newcommand{\bprog}{\par \begin{tabular}{@@{}l@@{}} % \mbox \bgroup \begin{minipage} {412pt} } %\newcommand{\eprog}{\end{minipage} % \egroup % \end{tabular}\\[\parskip]} % 17pt is \parindent % this method gives a 17pt indent in _all_ situations \newcommand{\bprog}{% \par\noindent\begin{tabular}{@@{\hspace*{17pt}}l@@{}}} \newcommand{\eprog}{% \end{tabular}\\[\parskip]} \newcommand{\eprogNoSkip}{% \end{tabular}} % % variants for stdprelude; don't indent, and skip a little more \newcommand{\bprogB}{% \begin{tabular}{@@{}l@@{}}} \newcommand{\eprogB}{% \end{tabular}\\[0.6\baselineskip]} %special characters \newcommand{\bkq}{\mbox{\it \char'022}} % (syntax) backquote char \newcommand{\bkqB}{\bkq} % (syntax) backquote char (Before) \newcommand{\bkqA}{\hspace{-.2em}\mbox{\it \char'022}}% (syntax) backquote char (After) %\newcommand{\fwq}{\mbox{\it \char'023}} % (syntax) (forward) quote char % math formatting \newcommand{\ba}{\begin{array}} \newcommand{\ea}{\end{array}} \newcommand{\mc}{\multicolumn} \newcommand{\pile}[1]{\ba[t]{@@{}l@@{}} #1 \ea} \newcommand{\eqn}[1]{\ba[t]{@@{}lcl@@{}} #1 \ea} \newcommand{\equate}[1]{\[\eqn{#1}\]} \newcommand{\la}{\leftarrow} \newcommand{\ra}{\rightarrow} \newcommand{\sq}[1]{[\,#1\,]} \newcommand{\ab}[1]{\langle#1\rangle} \newcommand{\ablarge}[1]{\langle \pile{#1\,\rangle}} \newcommand{\lb}{[\![} \newcommand{\rb}{]\!]} \newcommand{\db}[1]{\lb#1\rb} \newcommand{\ti}[1]{\mbox{{\it #1}}} \newcommand{\tr}[1]{\mbox{{\rm #1}}} \newcommand{\tb}[1]{\mbox{{\bf #1}}} \newcommand{\x}{\times} \newcommand{\lam}{\lambda} \newcommand{\kr}{\kappa_{\rho}} \newcommand{\syneq}{\rightarrow} % denotational semantics \newcommand{\denote}[3]{\[\ba{c} {\cal #1} : #2 \\[1 ex] #3 \ea\]} \newcommand{\den}[2]{{\cal #1}\db{#2}\,} \newcommand{\A}{\den{A}} \newcommand{\B}{\den{B}} \newcommand{\D}{\den{D}} \newcommand{\E}{\den{E}} \newcommand{\F}{\den{F}} \newcommand{\G}{\den{G}} \newcommand{\I}{\den{I}} %%% \renewcommand{\L}{\den{L}} \newcommand{\LE}{\den{L_E}} \newcommand{\LH}{\den{L_H}} \newcommand{\M}{\den{M}} %%% \renewcommand{\O}{\den{O}} \renewcommand{\P}{\den{P}} \newcommand{\Pbot}{\den{P_{\bot}}} \newcommand{\Q}{\den{Q}} \newcommand{\R}{\den{R}} \renewcommand{\S}{\den{S}} \newcommand{\V}{\den{V}} \newcommand{\W}{\den{W}} \newcommand{\T}[2]{\den{T}{#1}\,\db{#2}} % meta language \newcommand{\PP}{\den{P'}} \newcommand{\PS}{\den{P_S}} \newcommand{\otherwise}{\quad\tr{otherwise}} \newcommand{\case}[2]{\pile{ \tr{case}\ (#1)\ \tr{of} \\ \ba{@@{\quad}l@@{\ \ra\ }l@@{}} #2 \ea}} \newcommand{\where}[2]{#1 \quad\tr{where}\quad #2} \newcommand{\wherelarge}[2]{\pile{#1 \\ \tr{where} \\ \eqn{#2}}} \newcommand{\cond}[3]{#1 \ra #2,\ #3} \newcommand{\condlarge}[1]{\ba[t]{@@{}l@@{\ \ra\ }l@@{}} #1 \ea} \newcommand{\range}[2]{{}_{#1}^{#2}\,} % semantic operators \newcommand{\concat}{\frown} \newcommand{\seq}[1]{\ti{List}\ #1} \newcommand{\opt}[1]{\widetilde{#1}} \newcommand{\ov}{\opt{v}} \newcommand{\fail}{\ti{none}} \newcommand{\nonfail}{\ti{proper}} \newcommand{\sym}{\bigtriangledown} \newcommand{\pri}{\mathbin{\vec{\sym}}} \newcommand{\mrg}{\mathbin{\dot{\sym}}} \newcommand{\Sym}{\mathbin{\nabla}} \newcommand{\Pri}{\mathbin{\vec{\Sym}}} \newcommand{\Mrg}{\mathbin{\dot{\Sym}}} \newcommand{\optSym}{\mathbin{\opt{\Sym}}} \newcommand{\optodot}{\mathbin{\opt{\odot}}} \newcommand{\proj}{\mid} \newcommand{\restrict}{\setminus} \newcommand{\sel}[4]{\ti{sel}_{#3#2}\ #4} \newcommand{\bindnone}{\ti{bindnone}} \newcommand{\bindvar}[2]{\ti{bindvar}\ \db{#1}\ #2} \newcommand{\bindcon}[2]{\ti{bindcon}\ \db{#1}\ #2} \newcommand{\bindconlarge}[4]{ #4\ \bindcon{#1}{\ablarge{ #2, \\ #3}}} \newcommand{\bindmod}[2]{\ti{bindmod}\ \db{#1}\ #2} \newcommand{\lookupval}[2]{\ti{lookupval}\ #1\ \db{#2}} %%% NEW \newcommand{\lookupcon}[1]{\ti{lookupcon}\ \db{#1}} %%% NEW \newcommand{\lookupdecon}[2]{\ti{lookupdecon}\ #1\ \db{#2}} %%% NEW % used in static.verb \newcommand{\TT}{\den{T_T}} \newcommand{\TA}{\den{T_A}} \newcommand{\TB}{\den{T_B}} \newcommand{\TD}{\den{T_D}} \newcommand{\TDA}{\den{T_{D_A}}} \newcommand{\TDB}{\den{T_{D_B}}} \newcommand{\TDP}{\den{T_{P_D}}} \newcommand{\TE}{\den{T_E}} \newcommand{\TLE}{\den{T_{L_E}}} \newcommand{\TLH}{\den{T_{L_H}}} %%% \newcommand{\TG}{\den{T_G}} \newcommand{\TQ}{\den{T_Q}} %%% \newcommand{\TR}{\den{T_R}} \newcommand{\TF}{\den{T_F}} \newcommand{\TFA}{\den{T_F'}} \newcommand{\TP}{\den{T_P}} \newcommand{\TPP}{\den{T_P'}} \newcommand{\TPS}{\den{T_{PS}}} \newcommand{\MGU}{\ti{MGU}} \newcommand{\TI}{\den{T_I}} \newcommand{\TL}{\den{T_L}} \newcommand{\TM}{\den{T_M}} %%% \newcommand{\TO}{\den{T_O}} \newcommand{\TS}{\den{T_S}} \newcommand{\TV}{\den{T_V}} \newcommand{\tenvm}{\ddot{\nabla}} \renewcommand{\tb}[1]{\triangleright#1\triangleleft} \newcommand{\unbindvar}[2]{\ti{unbindvar}\ \db{#1}\ #2} \newcommand{\unbindcon}[2]{\ti{unbindcon}\ \db{#1}\ #2} % % \newcommand{\bindnone}{\ab{[], []}} % \newcommand{\bindvar}[2]{\ab{[\,#1 \mapsto #2\,], []}} % \newcommand{\bindcon}[2]{\ab{[], [\,#1 \mapsto #2\,]}} % \newcommand{\bindconlarge}[4]{ % \langle [], [\,#1 \mapsto \langle \pile{#2 \\ #3 \rangle\,] #4 \rangle}} % \newcommand{\bindmod}[2]{[\,#1 \mapsto #2\,]} % % Haskell syntax macros: math mode assumed \newcommand{\system}[2]{#1@;;@\cdots@;;@#2} \newcommand{\module}[4]{module\ #1@:@\ #2\ #3\ #4} %%% \newcommand{\exportnone}{\,} %%% \newcommand{\export}[1]{@export@\ #1@;@} %%% \newcommand{\importnone}{\,} %%% \newcommand{\importcomb}[2]{#1\ #2} %%% \newcommand{\import}[1]{@import@\ #1@;@} %%% \newcommand{\importwith}[2]{@import@\ #1\ #2@;@} %%% \newcommand{\rename}[2]{#1@<-@#2} %%% \newcommand{\declcomb}[2]{#1\ @;;@\ #2} \newcommand{\exposing}[1]{@expose@\ #1} \newcommand{\hiding}[1]{@hide@\ #1} \newcommand{\importnone}{\;} \newcommand{\importcomb}[2]{#1\ @;;@\ #2} \newcommand{\import}[2]{@import@\ #1\ #2} \newcommand{\rename}[2]{#1\ @=@\ #2} \newcommand{\declcomb}[2]{#1\ @;;@\ #2} \newcommand{\type}[2]{@type@\ #1\ @=@\;#2} \newcommand{\data}[2]{@data@\ #1\ @=@\;#2} \newcommand{\tuple}[2]{@tuple@\ #1\ @=@\;#2} %%% NEW! \newcommand{\view}[3]{@view@\ #1\ @=@\;#2\ @where@\ @{@\ #3\ @}@} \newcommand{\class}[2]{@class@\ #1\ @where@\ @{@\ #2\ @}@} \newcommand{\instance}[2]{@instance@\ #1\ @where@\ @{@\ #2\ @}@} \newcommand{\signature}[2]{#1\ @::@\ #2} \newcommand{\binding}[2]{#1\ @=@\ #2} \newcommand{\lamexpr}[2]{@\@ #1 @->@ #2} % While lambda defs. change... if change, take care of preceding line MMG \newcommand{\lamb}{@\ @} \newcommand{\whereexpr}[2]{#1\ @where@\ @{@\ #2\ @}@} \newcommand{\compexpr}[2]{@[@#1\ @|@\ #2@]@} \newcommand{\genclause}[2]{#1\ @<-@\ #2} \newcommand{\qualcomb}[2]{#1\ @,@\ #2} \newcommand{\genguard}[1]{\ #1\ } \newcommand{\caseexpr}[2]{@case@\ #1\ @of@\ @{@\ #2\ @}@} \newcommand{\simplecaseexpr}[5]{@case@\ #1\ @of@\ @{@\ #2\ @->@\ #3;\ #4\ @->@\ #5\ @}@} \newcommand{\iteexpr}[3]{@if@\ #1\ @then@\ #2\ @else@\ #3} \newcommand{\itexpr}[2]{@if@\ #1\ @then@\ #2} \newcommand{\gpat}[2]{#1\ @|@\ #2} \newcommand{\aspat}[2]{#1 @ @@ @ #2} \newcommand{\fclause}[2]{#1\ @=@\ #2} \newcommand{\fsym}[2]{#1\ @;@\ #2} \newcommand{\fpri}[2]{#1\ @;@\ @else@\ @;@\ #2} \newcommand{\aclause}[2]{#1\ @->@\ #2} \newcommand{\saclause}[4]{#1\ @->@\ #2;\ #3\ @->@\ #4} \newcommand{\asym}[2]{#1\ @;@\ #2} \newcommand{\apri}[2]{#1\ @;@\ @else@\ @;@\ #2} \newcommand{\dotted}[3]{#1\ #2\ \ldots\ #3} \newcommand{\functype}[2]{#1\ @->@\ #2} \newcommand{\predtype}[2]{#1\ @=>@ #2} \newcommand{\xp}{\dotted{x}{p_1}{p_n}} \newcommand{\xpg}{\dotted{x}{p_1}{p_n\ @{@\ g\ @}@}} \newcommand{\es}{e_1\ \ldots\ e_n} \newcommand{\ps}{p_1\ \ldots\ p_n} \newcommand{\vs}{v_1\ \ldots\ v_n} %%% NEW \newcommand{\xs}{x_1\ \ldots\ x_n} %%% NEW \newcommand{\cT}{\dotted{c}{T_1}{T_n}} \newcommand{\cTm}{\dotted{c_i}{T_{i1}}{T_{in_i}}\, @|@\range{i=1}{m}} % syntax meta-language \newcommand{\arity}[1]{\tr{arity}\ #1} \newcommand{\infix}[1]{\tr{infix}\ #1} \newcommand{\prefix}[1]{\tr{prefix}\ #1} % \newcommand{\tl}[1]{{\sc #1}} %OLD: \newcommand{\Haskell}{{\sc Haskell}} \newcommand{\Haskell}{Haskell} %\newcommand{\subsubsubsection}[1]{\par\noindent{\it #1}} \newcommand{\subsubsubsection}{\subsubsection*} %\sloppy % a few hyphenation patterns, anyone? \hyphenation{da-ta-type da-ta-types} \hyphenation{Has-kell} \begin{document} \input{iso-chars} % Set the float fractions to sensible values \setcounter{topnumber}{2} \setcounter{bottomnumber}{0} \setcounter{totalnumber}{2} \setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2} \renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1} \renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.9} \renewcommand{\dblfloatpagefraction}{0.9} \setcounter{page}{0} \begin{titlepage} \setcounter{page}{0} \outline{ \vspace{.3in} \begin{center} {\LARGE\bf Report on the} \\[.1in] {\LARGE\bf Programming Language} \\[.3in] {\huge\bf Haskell 98} \\[.3in] {\Large\bf A Non-strict, Purely Functional Language} \\[.3in] {\large\bf Revised: July 2001} \end{center} \vspace{.15in} \begin{center} \large \begin{tabular}{l@@{\hspace{5mm}}l} Simon Peyton Jones$^8$ [editor] & Lennart Augustsson$^9$ \\ Dave Barton$^7$ & Brian Boutel$^4$ \\ Warren Burton$^5$ & Joseph Fasel$^6$ \\ Kevin Hammond$^2$ & Ralf Hinze$^{12}$ \\ Paul Hudak$^1$ & John Hughes$^3$ \\ Thomas Johnsson$^3$ & Mark Jones$^{14}$ \\ John Launchbury$^{14}$ & Erik Meijer$^{10}$ \\ John Peterson$^1$ & Alastair Reid$^{15}$ \\ Colin Runciman$^{13}$ & Philip Wadler$^{11}$ \end{tabular} \end{center} \vspace{.15in} \begin{quotation} \noindent Authors' affiliations: (1)~Yale University (2)~University of St.~Andrews (3)~Chalmers University of Technology (4)~Victoria University of Wellington (5)~Simon Fraser University (6)~Los Alamos National Laboratory (7)~Intermetrics (8)~Microsoft Research, Cambridge (9)~Sandburst Corporation (10)~Microsoft Corporation (11)~Avaya Labs (12)~University of Bonn (13)~York University (14)~Oregon Graduate Institute (15)~University of Utah \end{quotation} \vspace{.2in} \begin{center} Copyright (c) Simon Peyton Jones. \end{center} {\em The authors intend this Report to belong to the entire Haskell community, and so we grant permission to copy and distribute it for any purpose, provided that it is reproduced in its entirety, including this Notice. Modified versions of this Report may also be copied and distributed for any purpose, provided that the modified version is clearly presented as such, and that it does not claim to be a definition of the language Haskell 98.} } % \outline{ % \vspace{.3in} % \begin{center} % {\LARGE\bf Report on the} \\[.1in] % {\LARGE\bf Programming Language} \\[.3in] % {\huge\bf Haskell} \\[.3in] % {\Large\bf A Non-strict, Purely Functional Language} \\[.3in] % {\Large\bf Version 1.3} \\[.1in] % {\large\bf 1st June 1995} % \end{center} % \vspace{.15in} % \begin{center} \large % Kevin Hammond$^1$ [editor] \\ % Lennart Augustsson$^2$ \\ % Brian Boutel$^3$ \\ % Warren Burton$^4$ \\ % Joseph Fasel$^5$ \\ % Andy Gordon$^6$ \\ % Mark Jones$^7$ \\ % John Peterson$^8$ \\ % Simon Peyton Jones$^1$ \\ % \end{center} % \vspace{.15in} % % \begin{quotation} \noindent % Authors' affiliations: % (1)~University of Glasgow, % (2)~Chalmers University of Technology, % (3)~Victoria University of Wellington, % (4)~Simon Fraser University, % (5)~Los Alamos National Laboratory, % (6)~Cambridge University, % (7)~Nottingham University, % (8)~Yale University. % \end{quotation} % \vspace{.2in} % } \end{titlepage} \pagenumbering{roman} \clearpage \clearpage \tableofcontents \startnewstuff \parskip=10pt plus2pt minus2pt \setlength{\parindent}{0cm} %\input{preface-10} %\startnewstuff %\input{preface-11} %\startnewstuff %\input{preface-12} %\startnewstuff %\pagestyle{myheadings} \input{preface-13} %\markboth{\rm \thepage\hfil \sl \leftmark}{{\sl \rightmark}\hfil \rm\thepage} \pagestyle{headings} \startnewstuff \pagenumbering{arabic} \input{intro}\startnewsection \input{lexemes}\startnewsection \input{exps}\startnewsection \input{decls}\startnewsection \input{modules}\startnewsection \input{basic}\startnewsection %%\input{io}% %\setcounter{section}{6} \input{io-13}% %% %%\startnewstuff \startnewsection \appendix \input{standard-prelude}\startnewsection %\input{libraries}\startnewsection \input{syntax-iso}\startnewsection \input{literate}\startnewsection %% \input{short_semantics}\startnewsection %%\input{iosemant}\startnewsection %%\input{iooptions}\startnewsection \input{derived}\startnewsection \input{pragmas} %% \startnewstuff % insert the extra indexing things LAST \input{index-extra} % Add a contents line for the References -- may be off by one page \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{References} \bibliographystyle{plain} \bibliography{haskell} % \startnewstuff \printindex \end{document} % Local Variables: % mode: latex % End: