TcPat.hs

{-
(c) The University of Glasgow 2006
(c) The GRASP/AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1992-1998


TcPat: Typechecking patterns
-}

{-# LANGUAGE CPP, RankNTypes, TupleSections #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}

module TcPat ( tcLetPat
             , tcPat, tcPat_O, tcPats
             , addDataConStupidTheta, badFieldCon, polyPatSig ) where

#include "HsVersions.h"

import {-# SOURCE #-}   TcExpr( tcSyntaxOp, tcSyntaxOpGen, tcInferSigma )

import HsSyn
import TcHsSyn
import TcRnMonad
import Inst
import Id
import Var
import Name
import RdrName
import TcEnv
import TcMType
import TcValidity( arityErr )
import TcType
import TcUnify
import TcHsType
import TysWiredIn
import TcEvidence
import TyCon
import DataCon
import PatSyn
import ConLike
import PrelNames
import BasicTypes hiding (SuccessFlag(..))
import DynFlags
import SrcLoc
import VarSet
import Util
import Outputable
import qualified GHC.LanguageExtensions as LangExt
import Control.Monad
import Control.Arrow  ( second )

{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
                External interface
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************
-}

tcLetPat :: (Name -> Maybe TcId)
         -> LPat Name -> ExpSigmaType
         -> TcM a
         -> TcM (LPat TcId, a)
tcLetPat sig_fn pat pat_ty thing_inside
  = tc_lpat pat pat_ty penv thing_inside
  where
    penv = PE { pe_lazy = True
              , pe_ctxt = LetPat sig_fn
              , pe_orig = PatOrigin }

-----------------
tcPats :: HsMatchContext Name
       -> [LPat Name]            -- Patterns,
       -> [ExpSigmaType]         --   and their types
       -> TcM a                  --   and the checker for the body
       -> TcM ([LPat TcId], a)

-- This is the externally-callable wrapper function
-- Typecheck the patterns, extend the environment to bind the variables,
-- do the thing inside, use any existentially-bound dictionaries to
-- discharge parts of the returning LIE, and deal with pattern type
-- signatures

--   1. Initialise the PatState
--   2. Check the patterns
--   3. Check the body
--   4. Check that no existentials escape

tcPats ctxt pats pat_tys thing_inside
  = tc_lpats penv pats pat_tys thing_inside
  where
    penv = PE { pe_lazy = False, pe_ctxt = LamPat ctxt, pe_orig = PatOrigin }

tcPat :: HsMatchContext Name
      -> LPat Name -> ExpSigmaType
      -> TcM a                     -- Checker for body
      -> TcM (LPat TcId, a)
tcPat ctxt = tcPat_O ctxt PatOrigin

-- | A variant of 'tcPat' that takes a custom origin
tcPat_O :: HsMatchContext Name
        -> CtOrigin              -- ^ origin to use if the type needs inst'ing
        -> LPat Name -> ExpSigmaType
        -> TcM a                 -- Checker for body
        -> TcM (LPat TcId, a)
tcPat_O ctxt orig pat pat_ty thing_inside
  = tc_lpat pat pat_ty penv thing_inside
  where
    penv = PE { pe_lazy = False, pe_ctxt = LamPat ctxt, pe_orig = orig }


-----------------
data PatEnv
  = PE { pe_lazy :: Bool        -- True <=> lazy context, so no existentials allowed
       , pe_ctxt :: PatCtxt     -- Context in which the whole pattern appears
       , pe_orig :: CtOrigin    -- origin to use if the pat_ty needs inst'ing
       }

data PatCtxt
  = LamPat   -- Used for lambdas, case etc
       (HsMatchContext Name)

  | LetPat   -- Used only for let(rec) pattern bindings
             -- See Note [Typing patterns in pattern bindings]
       (Name -> Maybe TcId)    -- Tells the expected type for this binder

makeLazy :: PatEnv -> PatEnv
makeLazy penv = penv { pe_lazy = True }

inPatBind :: PatEnv -> Bool
inPatBind (PE { pe_ctxt = LetPat {} }) = True
inPatBind (PE { pe_ctxt = LamPat {} }) = False

{- *********************************************************************
*                                                                      *
                Binders
*                                                                      *
********************************************************************* -}

tcPatBndr :: PatEnv -> Name -> ExpSigmaType -> TcM (HsWrapper, TcId)
-- (coi, xp) = tcPatBndr penv x pat_ty
-- Then coi : pat_ty ~ typeof(xp)
--
tcPatBndr (PE { pe_ctxt = LetPat lookup_sig
              , pe_orig = orig }) bndr_name pat_ty
          -- See Note [Typing patterns in pattern bindings]
  | Just bndr_id <- lookup_sig bndr_name
  = do { wrap <- tcSubTypeET orig pat_ty (idType bndr_id)
       ; traceTc "tcPatBndr(lsl,sig)" (ppr bndr_id $$ ppr (idType bndr_id) $$ ppr pat_ty)
       ; return (wrap, bndr_id) }

  | otherwise  -- No signature
  = pprPanic "tcPatBndr" (ppr bndr_name)

tcPatBndr (PE { pe_ctxt = _lam_or_proc }) bndr_name pat_ty
  = do { pat_ty <- expTypeToType pat_ty
       ; traceTc "tcPatBndr(not let)" (ppr bndr_name $$ ppr pat_ty)
       ; return (idHsWrapper, mkLocalId bndr_name pat_ty) }
               -- Whether or not there is a sig is irrelevant,
               -- as this is local

{- Note [Partial signatures for pattern bindings]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Consider a function binding and a pattern binding, both
with a partial type signature

   f1 :: (True, _) -> Char
   f1 = \x -> x

   f2 :: (True, _) -> Char
   Just f2 = Just (\x->x)

Obviously, both should be rejected.  That happens naturally for the
function binding, f1, because we typecheck the RHS with "expected"
type '(True, apha) -> Char', which correctly fails.

But what of the pattern binding for f2?  We infer the type of the
pattern, and check tha the RHS has that type.  So we must feed in the
type of f2 when inferring the type of the pattern!  We do this right
here, in tcPatBndr, for a LetLclBndr. The signature already has fresh
unification variables for the wildcards (if any).

Extra notes

* For /complete/ type signatures, we could im principle ignore all this
  and just infer the most general type for f2, and check (in
  TcBinds.mkExport) whether it has the claimed type.

  But not so for /partial/ signatures; to get the wildcard unification
  variables into the game we really must inject them here. If we don't
  we never get /any/ value assigned to the wildcards; and programs that
  are bogus, like f2, are accepted.

  Moreover, by feeding in the expected type we do less fruitless
  creation of unification variables, and improve error messages.

* We need to do a subsumption, not equality, check.  If
      data T = MkT (forall a. a->a)
      f :: forall b. [b]->[b]
      MkT f = blah
  Since 'blah' returns a value of type T, its payload is a polymorphic
  function of type (forall a. a->a).  And that's enough to bind the
  less-polymorphic function 'f', but we need some impedence matching
  to witness the instantiation.

Note [Typing patterns in pattern bindings]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Suppose we are typing a pattern binding
    pat = rhs
Then the PatCtxt will be (LetPat sig_fn).

There can still be signatures for the binders:
     data T = MkT (forall a. a->a) Int
     x :: forall a. a->a
     y :: Int
     MkT x y = <rhs>

Two cases, dealt with by the LetPat case of tcPatBndr

 * If we are generalising (generalisation plan is InferGen or
   CheckGen), then the let_bndr_spec will be LetLclBndr.  In that case
   we want to bind a cloned, local version of the variable, with the
   type given by the pattern context, *not* by the signature (even if
   there is one; see Trac #7268). The mkExport part of the
   generalisation step will do the checking and impedance matching
   against the signature.

 * If for some some reason we are not generalising (plan = NoGen), the
   LetBndrSpec will be LetGblBndr.  In that case we must bind the
   global version of the Id, and do so with precisely the type given
   in the signature.  (Then we unify with the type from the pattern
   context type.)


************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
                The main worker functions
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************

Note [Nesting]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
tcPat takes a "thing inside" over which the pattern scopes.  This is partly
so that tcPat can extend the environment for the thing_inside, but also
so that constraints arising in the thing_inside can be discharged by the
pattern.

This does not work so well for the ErrCtxt carried by the monad: we don't
want the error-context for the pattern to scope over the RHS.
Hence the getErrCtxt/setErrCtxt stuff in tcMultiple
-}

--------------------
type Checker inp out =  forall r.
                          inp
                       -> PatEnv
                       -> TcM r
                       -> TcM (out, r)

tcMultiple :: Checker inp out -> Checker [inp] [out]
tcMultiple tc_pat args penv thing_inside
  = do  { err_ctxt <- getErrCtxt
        ; let loop _ []
                = do { res <- thing_inside
                     ; return ([], res) }

              loop penv (arg:args)
                = do { (p', (ps', res))
                                <- tc_pat arg penv $
                                   setErrCtxt err_ctxt $
                                   loop penv args
                -- setErrCtxt: restore context before doing the next pattern
                -- See note [Nesting] above

                     ; return (p':ps', res) }

        ; loop penv args }

--------------------
tc_lpat :: LPat Name
        -> ExpSigmaType
        -> PatEnv
        -> TcM a
        -> TcM (LPat TcId, a)
tc_lpat (L span pat) pat_ty penv thing_inside
  = setSrcSpan span $
    do  { (pat', res) <- maybeWrapPatCtxt pat (tc_pat penv pat pat_ty)
                                          thing_inside
        ; return (L span pat', res) }

tc_lpats :: PatEnv
         -> [LPat Name] -> [ExpSigmaType]
         -> TcM a
         -> TcM ([LPat TcId], a)
tc_lpats penv pats tys thing_inside
  = ASSERT2( equalLength pats tys, ppr pats $$ ppr tys )
    tcMultiple (\(p,t) -> tc_lpat p t)
                (zipEqual "tc_lpats" pats tys)
                penv thing_inside

--------------------
tc_pat  :: PatEnv
        -> Pat Name
        -> ExpSigmaType  -- Fully refined result type
        -> TcM a                -- Thing inside
        -> TcM (Pat TcId,       -- Translated pattern
                a)              -- Result of thing inside

tc_pat penv (VarPat (L l name)) pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  { (wrap, id) <- tcPatBndr penv name pat_ty
        ; res <- tcExtendIdEnv1 name id thing_inside
        ; pat_ty <- readExpType pat_ty
        ; return (mkHsWrapPat wrap (VarPat (L l id)) pat_ty, res) }

tc_pat penv (ParPat pat) pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  { (pat', res) <- tc_lpat pat pat_ty penv thing_inside
        ; return (ParPat pat', res) }

tc_pat penv (BangPat pat) pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  { (pat', res) <- tc_lpat pat pat_ty penv thing_inside
        ; return (BangPat pat', res) }

tc_pat penv lpat@(LazyPat pat) pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  { (pat', (res, pat_ct))
                <- tc_lpat pat pat_ty (makeLazy penv) $
                   captureConstraints thing_inside
                -- Ignore refined penv', revert to penv

        ; emitConstraints pat_ct
        -- captureConstraints/extendConstraints:
        --   see Note [Hopping the LIE in lazy patterns]

        -- Check there are no unlifted types under the lazy pattern
        -- This is a very unsatisfactory test.  We have to zonk becuase
        -- the binder-tys are typically just a unification variable,
        -- which should by now have been unified... but it might be
        -- deferred for the constraint solver...Ugh!  Also
        -- collecting the pattern binders again is not very cool.
        -- But it's all very much a corner case: a lazy pattern with
        -- unboxed types inside it
        ; bndr_tys <- mapM (zonkTcType . idType) (collectPatBinders pat')
        ; when (any isUnliftedType bndr_tys)
               (lazyUnliftedPatErr lpat)

        -- Check that the expected pattern type is itself lifted
        ; pat_ty <- readExpType pat_ty
        ; _ <- unifyType noThing (typeKind pat_ty) liftedTypeKind

        ; return (LazyPat pat', res) }

tc_pat _ (WildPat _) pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  { res <- thing_inside
        ; pat_ty <- expTypeToType pat_ty
        ; return (WildPat pat_ty, res) }

tc_pat penv (AsPat (L nm_loc name) pat) pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  { (wrap, bndr_id) <- setSrcSpan nm_loc (tcPatBndr penv name pat_ty)
        ; (pat', res) <- tcExtendIdEnv1 name bndr_id $
                         tc_lpat pat (mkCheckExpType $ idType bndr_id)
                                 penv thing_inside
            -- NB: if we do inference on:
            --          \ (y@(x::forall a. a->a)) = e
            -- we'll fail.  The as-pattern infers a monotype for 'y', which then
            -- fails to unify with the polymorphic type for 'x'.  This could
            -- perhaps be fixed, but only with a bit more work.
            --
            -- If you fix it, don't forget the bindInstsOfPatIds!
        ; pat_ty <- readExpType pat_ty
        ; return (mkHsWrapPat wrap (AsPat (L nm_loc bndr_id) pat') pat_ty, res) }

tc_pat penv (ViewPat expr pat _) overall_pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  {
         -- Expr must have type `forall a1...aN. OPT' -> B`
         -- where overall_pat_ty is an instance of OPT'.
        ; (expr',expr'_inferred) <- tcInferSigma expr

         -- expression must be a function
        ; let expr_orig = exprCtOrigin (unLoc expr)
              herald    = text "A view pattern expression expects"
        ; (expr_wrap1, [inf_arg_ty], inf_res_ty)
            <- matchActualFunTys herald expr_orig (Just expr) 1 expr'_inferred
            -- expr_wrap1 :: expr'_inferred "->" (inf_arg_ty -> inf_res_ty)

         -- check that overall pattern is more polymorphic than arg type
        ; expr_wrap2 <- tcSubTypeET (pe_orig penv) overall_pat_ty inf_arg_ty
            -- expr_wrap2 :: overall_pat_ty "->" inf_arg_ty

         -- pattern must have inf_res_ty
        ; (pat', res) <- tc_lpat pat (mkCheckExpType inf_res_ty) penv thing_inside

        ; overall_pat_ty <- readExpType overall_pat_ty
        ; let expr_wrap2' = mkWpFun expr_wrap2 idHsWrapper
                                    overall_pat_ty inf_res_ty
               -- expr_wrap2' :: (inf_arg_ty -> inf_res_ty) "->"
               --                (overall_pat_ty -> inf_res_ty)
              expr_wrap = expr_wrap2' <.> expr_wrap1
        ; return (ViewPat (mkLHsWrap expr_wrap expr') pat' overall_pat_ty, res) }

-- Type signatures in patterns
-- See Note [Pattern coercions] below
tc_pat penv (SigPatIn pat sig_ty) pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  { (inner_ty, tv_binds, wcs, wrap) <- tcPatSig (inPatBind penv)
                                                            sig_ty pat_ty
        ; (pat', res) <- tcExtendTyVarEnv2 wcs     $
                         tcExtendTyVarEnv tv_binds $
                         tc_lpat pat (mkCheckExpType inner_ty) penv thing_inside
        ; pat_ty <- readExpType pat_ty
        ; return (mkHsWrapPat wrap (SigPatOut pat' inner_ty) pat_ty, res) }

------------------------
-- Lists, tuples, arrays
tc_pat penv (ListPat pats _ Nothing) pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  { (coi, elt_ty) <- matchExpectedPatTy matchExpectedListTy penv pat_ty
        ; (pats', res) <- tcMultiple (\p -> tc_lpat p (mkCheckExpType elt_ty))
                                     pats penv thing_inside
        ; pat_ty <- readExpType pat_ty
        ; return (mkHsWrapPat coi (ListPat pats' elt_ty Nothing) pat_ty, res)
        }

tc_pat penv (ListPat pats _ (Just (_,e))) pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  { tau_pat_ty <- expTypeToType pat_ty
        ; ((pats', res, elt_ty), e')
            <- tcSyntaxOpGen ListOrigin e [SynType (mkCheckExpType tau_pat_ty)]
                                          SynList $
                 \ [elt_ty] ->
                 do { (pats', res) <- tcMultiple (\p -> tc_lpat p (mkCheckExpType elt_ty))
                                                 pats penv thing_inside
                    ; return (pats', res, elt_ty) }
        ; return (ListPat pats' elt_ty (Just (tau_pat_ty,e')), res)
        }

tc_pat penv (PArrPat pats _) pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  { (coi, elt_ty) <- matchExpectedPatTy matchExpectedPArrTy penv pat_ty
        ; (pats', res) <- tcMultiple (\p -> tc_lpat p (mkCheckExpType elt_ty))
                                     pats penv thing_inside
        ; pat_ty <- readExpType pat_ty
        ; return (mkHsWrapPat coi (PArrPat pats' elt_ty) pat_ty, res)
        }

tc_pat penv (TuplePat pats boxity _) pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  { let arity = length pats
              tc = tupleTyCon boxity arity
        ; (coi, arg_tys) <- matchExpectedPatTy (matchExpectedTyConApp tc)
                                               penv pat_ty
                     -- Unboxed tuples have RuntimeRep vars, which we discard:
                     -- See Note [Unboxed tuple RuntimeRep vars] in TyCon
        ; let con_arg_tys = case boxity of Unboxed -> drop arity arg_tys
                                           Boxed   -> arg_tys
        ; (pats', res) <- tc_lpats penv pats (map mkCheckExpType con_arg_tys)
                                   thing_inside

        ; dflags <- getDynFlags

        -- Under flag control turn a pattern (x,y,z) into ~(x,y,z)
        -- so that we can experiment with lazy tuple-matching.
        -- This is a pretty odd place to make the switch, but
        -- it was easy to do.
        ; let
              unmangled_result = TuplePat pats' boxity con_arg_tys
                                 -- pat_ty /= pat_ty iff coi /= IdCo
              possibly_mangled_result
                | gopt Opt_IrrefutableTuples dflags &&
                  isBoxed boxity            = LazyPat (noLoc unmangled_result)
                | otherwise                 = unmangled_result

        ; pat_ty <- readExpType pat_ty
        ; ASSERT( length con_arg_tys == length pats ) -- Syntactically enforced
          return (mkHsWrapPat coi possibly_mangled_result pat_ty, res)
        }

------------------------
-- Data constructors
tc_pat penv (ConPatIn con arg_pats) pat_ty thing_inside
  = tcConPat penv con pat_ty arg_pats thing_inside

------------------------
-- Literal patterns
tc_pat _ (LitPat simple_lit) pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  { let lit_ty = hsLitType simple_lit
        ; co <- unifyPatType simple_lit lit_ty pat_ty
                -- coi is of kind: pat_ty ~ lit_ty
        ; res <- thing_inside
        ; pat_ty <- readExpType pat_ty
        ; return ( mkHsWrapPatCo co (LitPat simple_lit) pat_ty
                 , res) }

------------------------
-- Overloaded patterns: n, and n+k

-- In the case of a negative literal (the more complicated case),
-- we get
--
--   case v of (-5) -> blah
--
-- becoming
--
--   if v == (negate (fromInteger 5)) then blah else ...
--
-- There are two bits of rebindable syntax:
--   (==)   :: pat_ty -> neg_lit_ty -> Bool
--   negate :: lit_ty -> neg_lit_ty
-- where lit_ty is the type of the overloaded literal 5.
--
-- When there is no negation, neg_lit_ty and lit_ty are the same
tc_pat _ (NPat (L l over_lit) mb_neg eq _) pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  { let orig = LiteralOrigin over_lit
        ; ((lit', mb_neg'), eq')
            <- tcSyntaxOp orig eq [SynType pat_ty, SynAny]
                          (mkCheckExpType boolTy) $
               \ [neg_lit_ty] ->
               let new_over_lit lit_ty = newOverloadedLit over_lit
                                           (mkCheckExpType lit_ty)
               in case mb_neg of
                 Nothing  -> (, Nothing) <$> new_over_lit neg_lit_ty
                 Just neg -> -- Negative literal
                             -- The 'negate' is re-mappable syntax
                   second Just <$>
                   (tcSyntaxOp orig neg [SynRho] (mkCheckExpType neg_lit_ty) $
                    \ [lit_ty] -> new_over_lit lit_ty)

        ; res <- thing_inside
        ; pat_ty <- readExpType pat_ty
        ; return (NPat (L l lit') mb_neg' eq' pat_ty, res) }

{-
Note [NPlusK patterns]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
From

  case v of x + 5 -> blah

we get

  if v >= 5 then (\x -> blah) (v - 5) else ...

There are two bits of rebindable syntax:
  (>=) :: pat_ty -> lit1_ty -> Bool
  (-)  :: pat_ty -> lit2_ty -> var_ty

lit1_ty and lit2_ty could conceivably be different.
var_ty is the type inferred for x, the variable in the pattern.

If the pushed-down pattern type isn't a tau-type, the two pat_ty's above
could conceivably be different specializations. But this is very much
like the situation in Note [Case branches must be taus] in TcMatches.
So we tauify the pat_ty before proceeding.

Note that we need to type-check the literal twice, because it is used
twice, and may be used at different types. The second HsOverLit stored in the
AST is used for the subtraction operation.
-}

-- See Note [NPlusK patterns]
tc_pat penv (NPlusKPat (L nm_loc name) (L loc lit) _ ge minus _) pat_ty thing_inside
  = do  { pat_ty <- expTypeToType pat_ty
        ; let orig = LiteralOrigin lit
        ; (lit1', ge')
            <- tcSyntaxOp orig ge [synKnownType pat_ty, SynRho]
                                  (mkCheckExpType boolTy) $
               \ [lit1_ty] ->
               newOverloadedLit lit (mkCheckExpType lit1_ty)
        ; ((lit2', minus_wrap, bndr_id), minus')
            <- tcSyntaxOpGen orig minus [synKnownType pat_ty, SynRho] SynAny $
               \ [lit2_ty, var_ty] ->
               do { lit2' <- newOverloadedLit lit (mkCheckExpType lit2_ty)
                  ; (wrap, bndr_id) <- setSrcSpan nm_loc $
                                     tcPatBndr penv name (mkCheckExpType var_ty)
                           -- co :: var_ty ~ idType bndr_id

                           -- minus_wrap is applicable to minus'
                  ; return (lit2', wrap, bndr_id) }

        -- The Report says that n+k patterns must be in Integral
        -- but it's silly to insist on this in the RebindableSyntax case
        ; unlessM (xoptM LangExt.RebindableSyntax) $
          do { icls <- tcLookupClass integralClassName
             ; instStupidTheta orig [mkClassPred icls [pat_ty]] }

        ; res <- tcExtendIdEnv1 name bndr_id thing_inside

        ; let minus'' = minus' { syn_res_wrap =
                                    minus_wrap <.> syn_res_wrap minus' }
              pat' = NPlusKPat (L nm_loc bndr_id) (L loc lit1') lit2'
                               ge' minus'' pat_ty
        ; return (pat', res) }

tc_pat _ _other_pat _ _ = panic "tc_pat"        -- ConPatOut, SigPatOut

----------------
unifyPatType :: Outputable a => a -> TcType -> ExpSigmaType -> TcM TcCoercion
-- In patterns we want a coercion from the
-- context type (expected) to the actual pattern type
-- But we don't want to reverse the args to unifyType because
-- that controls the actual/expected stuff in error messages
unifyPatType thing actual_ty expected_ty
  = do { coi <- unifyExpType (Just thing) actual_ty expected_ty
       ; return (mkTcSymCo coi) }

{-
Note [Hopping the LIE in lazy patterns]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In a lazy pattern, we must *not* discharge constraints from the RHS
from dictionaries bound in the pattern.  E.g.
        f ~(C x) = 3
We can't discharge the Num constraint from dictionaries bound by
the pattern C!

So we have to make the constraints from thing_inside "hop around"
the pattern.  Hence the captureConstraints and emitConstraints.

The same thing ensures that equality constraints in a lazy match
are not made available in the RHS of the match. For example
        data T a where { T1 :: Int -> T Int; ... }
        f :: T a -> Int -> a
        f ~(T1 i) y = y
It's obviously not sound to refine a to Int in the right
hand side, because the argument might not match T1 at all!

Finally, a lazy pattern should not bind any existential type variables
because they won't be in scope when we do the desugaring


************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
        Most of the work for constructors is here
        (the rest is in the ConPatIn case of tc_pat)
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************

[Pattern matching indexed data types]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Consider the following declarations:

  data family Map k :: * -> *
  data instance Map (a, b) v = MapPair (Map a (Pair b v))

and a case expression

  case x :: Map (Int, c) w of MapPair m -> ...

As explained by [Wrappers for data instance tycons] in MkIds.hs, the
worker/wrapper types for MapPair are

  $WMapPair :: forall a b v. Map a (Map a b v) -> Map (a, b) v
  $wMapPair :: forall a b v. Map a (Map a b v) -> :R123Map a b v

So, the type of the scrutinee is Map (Int, c) w, but the tycon of MapPair is
:R123Map, which means the straight use of boxySplitTyConApp would give a type
error.  Hence, the smart wrapper function boxySplitTyConAppWithFamily calls
boxySplitTyConApp with the family tycon Map instead, which gives us the family
type list {(Int, c), w}.  To get the correct split for :R123Map, we need to
unify the family type list {(Int, c), w} with the instance types {(a, b), v}
(provided by tyConFamInst_maybe together with the family tycon).  This
unification yields the substitution [a -> Int, b -> c, v -> w], which gives us
the split arguments for the representation tycon :R123Map as {Int, c, w}

In other words, boxySplitTyConAppWithFamily implicitly takes the coercion

  Co123Map a b v :: {Map (a, b) v ~ :R123Map a b v}

moving between representation and family type into account.  To produce type
correct Core, this coercion needs to be used to case the type of the scrutinee
from the family to the representation type.  This is achieved by
unwrapFamInstScrutinee using a CoPat around the result pattern.

Now it might appear seem as if we could have used the previous GADT type
refinement infrastructure of refineAlt and friends instead of the explicit
unification and CoPat generation.  However, that would be wrong.  Why?  The
whole point of GADT refinement is that the refinement is local to the case
alternative.  In contrast, the substitution generated by the unification of
the family type list and instance types needs to be propagated to the outside.
Imagine that in the above example, the type of the scrutinee would have been
(Map x w), then we would have unified {x, w} with {(a, b), v}, yielding the
substitution [x -> (a, b), v -> w].  In contrast to GADT matching, the
instantiation of x with (a, b) must be global; ie, it must be valid in *all*
alternatives of the case expression, whereas in the GADT case it might vary
between alternatives.

RIP GADT refinement: refinements have been replaced by the use of explicit
equality constraints that are used in conjunction with implication constraints
to express the local scope of GADT refinements.
-}

--      Running example:
-- MkT :: forall a b c. (a~[b]) => b -> c -> T a
--       with scrutinee of type (T ty)

tcConPat :: PatEnv -> Located Name
         -> ExpSigmaType           -- Type of the pattern
         -> HsConPatDetails Name -> TcM a
         -> TcM (Pat TcId, a)
tcConPat penv con_lname@(L _ con_name) pat_ty arg_pats thing_inside
  = do  { con_like <- tcLookupConLike con_name
        ; case con_like of
            RealDataCon data_con -> tcDataConPat penv con_lname data_con
                                                 pat_ty arg_pats thing_inside
            PatSynCon pat_syn -> tcPatSynPat penv con_lname pat_syn
                                             pat_ty arg_pats thing_inside
        }

tcDataConPat :: PatEnv -> Located Name -> DataCon
             -> ExpSigmaType               -- Type of the pattern
             -> HsConPatDetails Name -> TcM a
             -> TcM (Pat TcId, a)
tcDataConPat penv (L con_span con_name) data_con pat_ty arg_pats thing_inside
  = do  { let tycon = dataConTyCon data_con
                  -- For data families this is the representation tycon
              (univ_tvs, ex_tvs, eq_spec, theta, arg_tys, _)
                = dataConFullSig data_con
              header = L con_span (RealDataCon data_con)

          -- Instantiate the constructor type variables [a->ty]
          -- This may involve doing a family-instance coercion,
          -- and building a wrapper
        ; (wrap, ctxt_res_tys) <- matchExpectedConTy penv tycon pat_ty
        ; pat_ty <- readExpType pat_ty

          -- Add the stupid theta
        ; setSrcSpan con_span $ addDataConStupidTheta data_con ctxt_res_tys

        ; let all_arg_tys = eqSpecPreds eq_spec ++ theta ++ arg_tys
        ; checkExistentials ex_tvs all_arg_tys penv
        ; (tenv, ex_tvs') <- tcInstSuperSkolTyVarsX
                               (zipTvSubst univ_tvs ctxt_res_tys) ex_tvs
                     -- Get location from monad, not from ex_tvs

        ; let -- pat_ty' = mkTyConApp tycon ctxt_res_tys
              -- pat_ty' is type of the actual constructor application
              -- pat_ty' /= pat_ty iff coi /= IdCo

              arg_tys' = substTys tenv arg_tys

        ; traceTc "tcConPat" (vcat [ ppr con_name
                                   , pprTvBndrs univ_tvs
                                   , pprTvBndrs ex_tvs
                                   , ppr eq_spec
                                   , ppr theta
                                   , pprTvBndrs ex_tvs'
                                   , ppr ctxt_res_tys
                                   , ppr arg_tys'
                                   , ppr arg_pats ])
        ; if null ex_tvs && null eq_spec && null theta
          then do { -- The common case; no class bindings etc
                    -- (see Note [Arrows and patterns])
                    (arg_pats', res) <- tcConArgs (RealDataCon data_con) arg_tys'
                                                  arg_pats penv thing_inside
                  ; let res_pat = ConPatOut { pat_con = header,
                                              pat_tvs = [], pat_dicts = [],
                                              pat_binds = emptyTcEvBinds,
                                              pat_args = arg_pats',
                                              pat_arg_tys = ctxt_res_tys,
                                              pat_wrap = idHsWrapper }

                  ; return (mkHsWrapPat wrap res_pat pat_ty, res) }

          else do   -- The general case, with existential,
                    -- and local equality constraints
        { let theta'     = substTheta tenv (eqSpecPreds eq_spec ++ theta)
                           -- order is *important* as we generate the list of
                           -- dictionary binders from theta'
              no_equalities = not (any isNomEqPred theta')
              skol_info = PatSkol (RealDataCon data_con) mc
              mc = case pe_ctxt penv of
                     LamPat mc -> mc
                     LetPat {} -> PatBindRhs

        ; gadts_on    <- xoptM LangExt.GADTs
        ; families_on <- xoptM LangExt.TypeFamilies
        ; checkTc (no_equalities || gadts_on || families_on)
                  (text "A pattern match on a GADT requires the" <+>
                   text "GADTs or TypeFamilies language extension")
                  -- Trac #2905 decided that a *pattern-match* of a GADT
                  -- should require the GADT language flag.
                  -- Re TypeFamilies see also #7156

        ; given <- newEvVars theta'
        ; (ev_binds, (arg_pats', res))
             <- checkConstraints skol_info ex_tvs' given $
                tcConArgs (RealDataCon data_con) arg_tys' arg_pats penv thing_inside

        ; let res_pat = ConPatOut { pat_con   = header,
                                    pat_tvs   = ex_tvs',
                                    pat_dicts = given,
                                    pat_binds = ev_binds,
                                    pat_args  = arg_pats',
                                    pat_arg_tys = ctxt_res_tys,
                                    pat_wrap  = idHsWrapper }
        ; return (mkHsWrapPat wrap res_pat pat_ty, res)
        } }

tcPatSynPat :: PatEnv -> Located Name -> PatSyn
            -> ExpSigmaType                -- Type of the pattern
            -> HsConPatDetails Name -> TcM a
            -> TcM (Pat TcId, a)
tcPatSynPat penv (L con_span _) pat_syn pat_ty arg_pats thing_inside
  = do  { let (univ_tvs, req_theta, ex_tvs, prov_theta, arg_tys, ty) = patSynSig pat_syn

        ; (subst, univ_tvs') <- newMetaTyVars univ_tvs

        ; let all_arg_tys = ty : prov_theta ++ arg_tys
        ; checkExistentials ex_tvs all_arg_tys penv
        ; (tenv, ex_tvs') <- tcInstSuperSkolTyVarsX subst ex_tvs
        ; let ty'         = substTy tenv ty
              arg_tys'    = substTys tenv arg_tys
              prov_theta' = substTheta tenv prov_theta
              req_theta'  = substTheta tenv req_theta

        ; wrap <- tcSubTypeET (pe_orig penv) pat_ty ty'
        ; traceTc "tcPatSynPat" (ppr pat_syn $$
                                 ppr pat_ty $$
                                 ppr ty' $$
                                 ppr ex_tvs' $$
                                 ppr prov_theta' $$
                                 ppr req_theta' $$
                                 ppr arg_tys')

        ; prov_dicts' <- newEvVars prov_theta'

        ; let skol_info = case pe_ctxt penv of
                            LamPat mc -> PatSkol (PatSynCon pat_syn) mc
                            LetPat {} -> UnkSkol -- Doesn't matter

        ; req_wrap <- instCall PatOrigin (mkTyVarTys univ_tvs') req_theta'
        ; traceTc "instCall" (ppr req_wrap)

        ; traceTc "checkConstraints {" Outputable.empty
        ; (ev_binds, (arg_pats', res))
             <- checkConstraints skol_info ex_tvs' prov_dicts' $
                tcConArgs (PatSynCon pat_syn) arg_tys' arg_pats penv thing_inside

        ; traceTc "checkConstraints }" (ppr ev_binds)
        ; let res_pat = ConPatOut { pat_con   = L con_span $ PatSynCon pat_syn,
                                    pat_tvs   = ex_tvs',
                                    pat_dicts = prov_dicts',
                                    pat_binds = ev_binds,
                                    pat_args  = arg_pats',
                                    pat_arg_tys = mkTyVarTys univ_tvs',
                                    pat_wrap  = req_wrap }
        ; pat_ty <- readExpType pat_ty
        ; return (mkHsWrapPat wrap res_pat pat_ty, res) }

----------------------------
-- | Convenient wrapper for calling a matchExpectedXXX function
matchExpectedPatTy :: (TcRhoType -> TcM (TcCoercionN, a))
                    -> PatEnv -> ExpSigmaType -> TcM (HsWrapper, a)
-- See Note [Matching polytyped patterns]
-- Returns a wrapper : pat_ty ~R inner_ty
matchExpectedPatTy inner_match (PE { pe_orig = orig }) pat_ty