Without -XImpredicativeTypes, the typing rules say that a function
should be instantiated only at a *monotype*.  In implementation terms,
that means that a unification variable should not unify with a type
involving foralls.  But we were not enforcing that rule, and that
gave rise to some confusing error messages, such as
  Trac #7264, #6069

This patch adds the test for foralls.  There are consequences

 * I put the test in occurCheckExpand, since that is where we see if a
   type can unify with a given unification variable.  So
   occurCheckExpand has to get DynFlags, so it can test for
   -XImpredicativeTypes

 * We want this to work
      foo :: (forall a. a -> a) -> Int
      foo = error "foo"
   But that means instantiating error at a polytype!  But error is special
   already because you can instantiate it at an unboxed type like Int#.
   So I extended the specialness to allow type variables of openTypeKind
   to unify with polytypes, regardless of -XImpredicativeTypes.

   Conveniently, this works in TcUnify.matchExpectedFunTys, which generates
   unification variable for the function arguments, which can be polymorphic.

 * GHC has a special typing rule for ($) (see Note [Typing rule
   for ($)] in TcExpr).  It unifies the argument and result with a
   unification variable to exclude unboxed types -- but that means I
   now need a kind of unificatdion variable that *can* unify with a
   polytype.

   So for this sole case I added PolyTv to the data type TcType.MetaInfo.
   I suspect we'll find mor uses for this, and the changes are tiny,
   but it still feel a bit of a hack.  Well the special rule for ($)
   is a hack!

There were some consequential changes in error reporting (TcErrors).