Now not only is if/then a bracketting pair, but then/else is too

If enabled, these accept more layout, but give warnings

It used to break on
    let {x = 'a'} in x
as the 'in' token would keep closing contexts looking for an implicit
'let' layout.

After some discussion we decided to make a quasi-quote look like

   [pads| ...blah... |]

rather than

   [$pads| ...blah... |]

as before. The new syntax is quieter, although it does not signal
quite as clearly that there is a splice going on.

It thought the ) needed to close something, but the $( hadn't
opened anything.

The problem in #3741 was that we had confused column numbers with byte
offsets, which fails in the case of UTF-8 (amongst other things).
Fortunately we're tracking correct column offsets now, so we didn't
have to make a calculation based on a byte offset.  I got rid of two
fields from the PState (last_line_len and last_offs).and one field
from the AI (alex input) constructor.

Also corrected a couple of line 0's to line 1

And make the code simpler in the process!

Caution: Largely untested

The type of the CmmLabel ctor is now
  CmmLabel :: PackageId -> FastString -> CmmLabelInfo -> CLabel
  
 - When you construct a CmmLabel you have to explicitly say what
   package it is in. Many of these will just use rtsPackageId, but
   I've left it this way to remind people not to pretend labels are
   in the RTS package when they're not. 
   
 - When parsing a Cmm file, labels that are not defined in the 
   current file are assumed to be in the RTS package. 
   
   Labels imported like
      import label
   are assumed to be in a generic "foreign" package, which is different
   from the current one.
   
   Labels imported like
      import "package-name" label
   are marked as coming from the named package.
   
   This last one is needed for the integer-gmp library as we want to
   refer to labels that are not in the same compilation unit, but
   are in the same non-rts package.
   
   This should help remove the nasty #ifdef __PIC__ stuff from
   integer-gmp/cbits/gmp-wrappers.cmm
   

The change is this (see Trac #2798).  Instead of writing

  mdo { a <- getChar
      ; b <- f c
      ; c <- g b
      ; putChar c
      ; return b }

you would write

  do { a <- getChar
     ; rec { b <- f c
           ; c <- g b }
     ; putChar c
     ; return b }

That is, 
  * 'mdo' is eliminated 
  * 'rec' is added, which groups a bunch of statements
    into a single recursive statement

This 'rec' thing is already present for the arrow notation, so it  
makes the two more uniform.  Moreover, 'rec' lets you say more
precisely where the recursion is (if you want to), whereas 'mdo' just
says "there's recursion here somewhere".  Lastly, all this works with
rebindable syntax (which mdo does not).

Currently 'mdo' is enabled by -XRecursiveDo.  So we now deprecate this
flag, with another flag -XDoRec to enable the 'rec' keyword.

Implementation notes:
  * Some changes in Lexer.x
  * All uses of RecStmt now use record syntax

I'm still not really happy with the "rec_ids" and "later_ids" in the
RecStmt constructor, but I don't dare change it without consulting Ross
about the consequences for arrow syntax.

This implements the Haskell Prime proposal
  http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/haskell-prime/wiki/ExplicitForall

Flag is -XExplicitForAll

Implied by Opt_RankNTypes, Opt_Rank2Types, Opt_ScopedTypeVariables, 
           Opt_LiberalTypeSynonyms, Opt_ExistentialQuantification, 
           Opt_PolymorphicComponents 

This patch implements three significant improvements to Template Haskell.
  
Declaration-level splices with no "$" 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This change simply allows you to omit the "$(...)" wrapper for 
declaration-level TH splices.  An expression all by itself is
not legal, so we now treat it as a TH splice.  Thus you can now
say
	data T = T1 | T2
 	deriveMyStuff ''T

where deriveMyStuff :: Name -> Q [Dec]
This makes a much nicer interface for clients of libraries that use
TH: no scary $(deriveMyStuff ''T).

Nested top-level splices
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Previously TH would reject this, saying that splices cannot be nested:
	f x = $(g $(h 'x))
But there is no reason for this not to work.  First $(h 'x) is run,
yielding code <blah> that is spliced instead of the $(h 'x). Then (g
<blah>) is typechecked and run, yielding code that replaces the
$(g ...) splice.  

So this simply lifts the restriction.

Fix Trac #3467: non-top-level type splices
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

It appears that when I added the ability to splice types in TH
programs, I failed to pay attention to non-top-level splices -- that
is, splices inside quotatation brackets.  

This patch fixes the problem.  I had to modify HsType, so there's a
knock-on change to Haddock.

Its seems that a lot of lines of code has changed, but almost all the
new lines are comments!

General tidying up
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
As a result of thinking all this out I re-jigged the data type ThStage,
which had far too many values before.  And I wrote a nice state transition
diagram to make it all precise; 
   see Note [Template Haskell state diagram] in TcSplice

Lots more refactoring in TcSplice, resulting in significantly less code.
(A few more lines, but actually less code -- the rest is comments.)

I think the result is significantly cleaner.

It still lives in darcs, if anyone wants to revive it sometime.

We already require GHC 6.8 to build, and that included stripPrefix
in Data.List.

This patch allow you to use "Language CPP", or even "LaNgUaGe CPP",
if you wish, as the manual claims you can.