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This takes care of bumping the `base` and `integer-gmp`
minor version numbers in anticipation of a GHC 8.4.2 release.

While I was in town, I also filled in a `@since TODO` Haddock
annotation for `powModSecInteger` in `integer-gmp` with
`1.0.2.0`, and updated the changelog accordingly.

Test Plan: ./validate

Reviewers: hvr, goldfire, bgamari

Reviewed By: bgamari

Subscribers: thomie, carter

GHC Trac Issues: #15025

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.haskell.org/D4586

(cherry picked from commit c4814ab6)

This is prompted by the addition of `compareByteArrays#` in
e3ba26f8

NOTE: We may switch to synchronise `ghc-prim` with GHC's version at some point

Bumps numerous submodules.

Reviewers: austin, hvr

Subscribers: rwbarton, thomie

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.haskell.org/D3974

(cherry picked from commit 8c5405f6)

TcSimplify.decideQuantification was doing the Wrong Thing when
"growing" the type variables to quantify over. We were trying to do
this on a tyvar set where we'd split off the dependent type varaibles;
and we just got it wrong.  A kind variable wasn't being generalised
properly, with confusing knock on consequences.

All this led to Trac #13371 and Trac #13393.

This commit tidies it all up:

* The type TcDepVars is renamed as CandidateQTvs;
  and splitDepVarsOfType to candidateQTyVarsOfType

* The code in TcSimplify.decideQuantification is simpler.
  It no longer does the tricky "grow" stuff over TcDepVars.
  Instead it use ordinary VarSets (thereby eliminating the
  nasty growThetaTyVarsDSet) and uses that to filter the
  result of candidateQTyVarsOfType.

* I documented that candidateQTyVarsOfType returns the type
  variables in a good order in which to quantify, and rewrote
  it to use an accumulator pattern, so that we would predicatably
  get left-to-right ordering.

In doing all this I also made UniqDFM behave a little more nicely:

* When inserting an element that is there already, keep the old tag,
  while still overwriting with the new value.

* This means that when doing udfmToList we get back elements in the
  order they were originally inserted, rather than in reverse order.

It's not a big deal, but in a subsequent commit I use it to improve
the order of type variables in inferred types.

All this led to a lot of error message wibbles:
 - changing the order of quantified variables
 - changing the order in which instances are listed in GHCi
 - changing the tidying of variables in typechecker erors

There's a submodule update for 'array' because one of its tests
has an error-message change.

I may not have associated all of them with the correct commit.

Updates a number of submodules.

I committed three patches involving partial type sigs that
are collectively responsible for these error message changes.
The are all just changes to numbering in the pretty-printer.

I didn't bother to partition them between patches -- sorry!

See Note [TYPE] in TysPrim. There are still some outstanding
pieces in #11471 though, so this doesn't actually nail the bug.

This commit also contains a few performance improvements:

* Short-cut equality checking of nullary type syns

* Compare types before kinds in eqType

* INLINE coreViewOneStarKind

* Store tycon binders separately from kinds.

This resulted in a ~10% performance improvement in compiling
the Cabal package. No change in functionality other than
performance. (This affects the interface file format, though.)

This commit updates the haddock submodule.

This implements the ideas originally put forward in
"System FC with Explicit Kind Equality" (ICFP'13).

There are several noteworthy changes with this patch:
 * We now have casts in types. These change the kind
   of a type. See new constructor `CastTy`.

 * All types and all constructors can be promoted.
   This includes GADT constructors. GADT pattern matches
   take place in type family equations. In Core,
   types can now be applied to coercions via the
   `CoercionTy` constructor.

 * Coercions can now be heterogeneous, relating types
   of different kinds. A coercion proving `t1 :: k1 ~ t2 :: k2`
   proves both that `t1` and `t2` are the same and also that
   `k1` and `k2` are the same.

 * The `Coercion` type has been significantly enhanced.
   The documentation in `docs/core-spec/core-spec.pdf` reflects
   the new reality.

 * The type of `*` is now `*`. No more `BOX`.

 * Users can write explicit kind variables in their code,
   anywhere they can write type variables. For backward compatibility,
   automatic inference of kind-variable binding is still permitted.

 * The new extension `TypeInType` turns on the new user-facing
   features.

 * Type families and synonyms are now promoted to kinds. This causes
   trouble with parsing `*`, leading to the somewhat awkward new
   `HsAppsTy` constructor for `HsType`. This is dispatched with in
   the renamer, where the kind `*` can be told apart from a
   type-level multiplication operator. Without `-XTypeInType` the
   old behavior persists. With `-XTypeInType`, you need to import
   `Data.Kind` to get `*`, also known as `Type`.

 * The kind-checking algorithms in TcHsType have been significantly
   rewritten to allow for enhanced kinds.

 * The new features are still quite experimental and may be in flux.

 * TODO: Several open tickets: #11195, #11196, #11197, #11198, #11203.

 * TODO: Update user manual.

Tickets addressed: #9017, #9173, #7961, #10524, #8566, #11142.
Updates Haddock submodule.

This also needs to update the primitive/vector submodules in order to
relax upper bounds on ghc-prim.

Like in f8ba4b55, a mass-rewrite in testsuite/ via

  sed -i s,ghc-prim-0.4.0.0,ghc-prim-0.5.0.0,g $(git grep -Fl 'ghc-prim-0.4.0.0')

was performed.

This also relaxes a few upper bounds on base in the ghc.git repo;

This required a mass-rewrite in testsuite/

  sed -i s,base-4.8.2.0,base-4.9.0.0,g $(git grep -Fl 'base-4.8.2.0')

because it turns out the testsuite is still sensitive to package version
changes.

This is needed because GHC 7.10.2 requires a minor version bump to base-4.8.1.0

Several test outputs needed base-4.8.1.0 replaced by base-4.8.2.0

We've accumulated enough to justify a minor version bump to 4.8.1.0,
but not enough to justify a major version bump yet as far as I can see.

This major version bump was made necessary by
f44333ea which changed the type
signatures of prefetch primops, as well as other changes
such as 051d694f turning `Any` into
an abstract closed type family.

Reviewed By: ekmett

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.haskell.org/D743

Summary:
Add support for Partial Type Signatures, i.e. holes in types, see:
https://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/PartialTypeSignatures

This requires an update to the Haddock submodule.

Test Plan: validate

Reviewers: austin, goldfire, simonpj

Reviewed By: simonpj

Subscribers: thomie, Iceland_jack, dominique.devriese, simonmar, carter, goldfire

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.haskell.org/D168

GHC Trac Issues: #9478