Fail earlier if there's an error in a type declaration

This change means that we don't recover from erroneous type
declarations, thereby reporting fewer errors.  But trying to
recover confused GHC (leading to a pattern match failure in
the compiler Trac #7175), and it turned out to be tricky
to fix that.

So this patch takes the more conservative path of failing
earlier, perhaps reporting fewer real errors.

MERGED from commit d0ddde58