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Eric Seidel authored Dec 12, 2015 and Ben Gamari committed Dec 12, 2015

We can't just solve CallStack constraints indiscriminately when they
occur in the RHS of a let-binder. The top-level given CallStack (if
any) will not be in scope, so I've re-worked the CallStack solver as
follows:

1. CallStacks are treated like regular IPs unless one of the following
   two rules apply.

2. In a function call, we push the call-site onto a NEW wanted
   CallStack, which GHC will solve as a regular IP (either directly from a
   given, or by quantifying over it in a local let).

3. If, after the constraint solver is done, any wanted CallStacks
   remain, we default them to the empty CallStack. This rule exists mainly
   to clean up after rule 2 in a top-level binder with no given CallStack.

In rule (2) we have to be careful to emit the new wanted with an
IPOccOrigin instead of an OccurrenceOf origin, so rule (2) doesn't fire
again. This is a bit shady but I've updated the Note to explain the
trick.

Test Plan: validate

Reviewers: simonpj, austin, bgamari, hvr

Reviewed By: simonpj, bgamari

Subscribers: thomie

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.haskell.org/D1422

GHC Trac Issues: #10845

This patch adresses several problems concerned with exhaustiveness and
redundancy checking of pattern matching. The list of improvements includes:

* Making the check type-aware (handles GADTs, Type Families, DataKinds, etc.).
  This fixes #4139, #3927, #8970 and other related tickets.

* Making the check laziness-aware. Cases that are overlapped but affect
  evaluation are issued now with "Patterns have inaccessible right hand side".
  Additionally, "Patterns are overlapped" is now replaced by "Patterns are
  redundant".

* Improved messages for literals. This addresses tickets #5724, #2204, etc.

* Improved reasoning concerning cases where simple and overloaded
  patterns are matched (See #322).

* Substantially improved reasoning for pattern guards. Addresses #3078.

* OverloadedLists extension does not break exhaustiveness checking anymore
  (addresses #9951). Note that in general this cannot be handled but if we know
  that an argument has type '[a]', we treat it as a list since, the instance of
  'IsList' gives the identity for both 'fromList' and 'toList'. If the type is
  not clear or is not the list type, then the check cannot do much still. I am
  a bit concerned about OverlappingInstances though, since one may override the
  '[a]' instance with e.g. an '[Int]' instance that is not the identity.

* Improved reasoning for nested pattern matching (partial solution). Now we
  propagate type and (some) term constraints deeper when checking, so we can
  detect more inconsistencies. For example, this is needed for #4139.

I am still not satisfied with several things but I would like to address at
least the following before the next release:
    Term constraints are too many and not printed for non-exhaustive matches
(with the exception of literals). This sometimes results in two identical (in
appearance) uncovered warnings. Unless we actually show their difference, I
would like to have a single warning.