tentative improvement to callstack docs

This is an attempt at clarifying the docs for HasCallStack in both the
user guide and libraries/base/GHC/Stack/Types.hs. The example used right
now is built around an hypothetical 'error' function that doesn't itself
print call stacks, and the fact that this doesn't hold makes it all
confusing, see #14635.

Reviewers: hvr, bgamari

Reviewed By: bgamari

Subscribers: rwbarton, thomie, carter

GHC Trac Issues: #14635

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.haskell.org/D4317