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This lets IfaceType be dumber, with fewer special cases, because deserialization for more
wired-in names will work. Once we have polymorphic kinds we will be able to replace IfaceTyCon
with a simple IfExtName.

and comment its invariants in Note [CoreProgram] in CoreSyn

I'm not totally convinced that CoreProgram is the right name
(perhaps CoreTopBinds might better), but it is useful to have
a clue that you are looking at the top-level bindings.

This is only a matter of a type synonym change; no deep
refactoring here.

LitInteger now carries around the id of mkInteger, which it uses
to construct the core to build Integer literals. This way we don't
have to build in info about lots of Ids.

We also no longer have any special-casing for integer-simple, so
there is less code involved.

We now treat them as literals until CorePrep, when we finally
convert them into the real Core representation. This makes it a lot
simpler to implement built-in rules on them.

Basically as documented in http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/KindFact,
this patch adds a new kind Constraint such that:

  Show :: * -> Constraint
  (?x::Int) :: Constraint
  (Int ~ a) :: Constraint

And you can write *any* type with kind Constraint to the left of (=>):
even if that type is a type synonym, type variable, indexed type or so on.

The following (somewhat related) changes are also made:
 1. We now box equality evidence. This is required because we want
    to give (Int ~ a) the *lifted* kind Constraint
 2. For similar reasons, implicit parameters can now only be of
    a lifted kind. (?x::Int#) => ty is now ruled out
 3. Implicit parameter constraints are now allowed in superclasses
    and instance contexts (this just falls out as OK with the new
    constraint solver)

Internally the following major changes were made:
 1. There is now no PredTy in the Type data type. Instead
    GHC checks the kind of a type to figure out if it is a predicate
 2. There is now no AClass TyThing: we represent classes as TyThings
    just as a ATyCon (classes had TyCons anyway)
 3. What used to be (~) is now pretty-printed as (~#). The box
    constructor EqBox :: (a ~# b) -> (a ~ b)
 4. The type LCoercion is used internally in the constraint solver
    and type checker to represent coercions with free variables
    of type (a ~ b) rather than (a ~# b)

These turn out to be a useful special case of splitTyConApp_maybe.

A refactoring only; no change in behaviour

A "lifting substitition" takes a *type* to a *coercion*, using a
substitution that takes a *type variable* to a *coercion*.  We were
using a CvSubst for this purpose, which was an awkward exception: in
every other use of CvSubst, type variables map only to types.

Turned out that Coercion.liftCoSubst is quite a small function, so I
rewrote it with a special substitution type Coercion.LiftCoSubst, just
for that purpose.  In doing so I found that the function itself was
bizarrely over-complicated ... a direct result of mis-using CvSubst.

So this patch makes it all simpler, faster, and easier to understand.
No bugs fixed though!

We used to have "loop breaker" and "non-rule loop breaker", but
the unqualified version in particualr was pretty confusing.  So
now we have "strong loop breaker" and "weak loop breaker";
comments in BasicTypes and OccurAnal.

when kind-checking in Core Lint.  It's unusual
becuase it is poly-kinded; for example

	(~) Int a
and	(~) Maybe b

are both ok.  We don't want the full generality
of kind polymorphism (yet anyway) so these changes
in effect give (~) its own private kinding rule.

It won't work right if (~) appears un-saturated,
and Lint now checks for that too.

* Fix bugs in the packing and unpacking of data
  constructors with equality predicates in their types

* Remove PredCo altogether; instead, coercions between predicated
  types (like  (Eq a, [a]~b) => blah) are treated as if they
  were precisely their underlying representation type
       Eq a -> ((~) [a] b) -> blah
  in this case

* Similarly, Type.coreView no longer treats equality
  predciates specially.

* Implement the cast-of-coercion optimisation in
  Simplify.simplCoercionF

Numerous other small bug-fixes and refactorings.

Annoyingly, OptCoercion had Windows line endings, and this
patch switches to Unix, so it looks as if every line has changed.

See the paper "Practical aspects of evidence based compilation in System FC"

* Coercion becomes a data type, distinct from Type

* Coercions become value-level things, rather than type-level things,
  (although the value is zero bits wide, like the State token)
  A consequence is that a coerion abstraction increases the arity by 1
  (just like a dictionary abstraction)

* There is a new constructor in CoreExpr, namely Coercion, to inject
  coercions into terms

This patch removes the Lint test, and comments why

See Note [WildCard binders] in SimplEnv.  Spotted by Roman.

findDupsEq is quadratic, whereas removeDups is n log n.
Fixes T1969 regression.

This would have produced a more civilised error for Trac #4396

Using AppTy in CoreLint was giving a bogus Lint failure

This major patch implements the new OutsideIn constraint solving
algorithm in the typecheker, following our JFP paper "Modular type
inference with local assumptions".  

Done with major help from Dimitrios Vytiniotis and Brent Yorgey.

This patch mainly concerns the plumbing for running
the passes and printing intermediate output

The main purpose of this patch is to add a bunch of new rules
to the coercion optimiser.  They are documented in the (revised)
Appendix of the System FC paper.  

Some code has moved about:

- OptCoercion is now a separate module, mainly because it
  now uses tcMatchTy, which is defined in Unify, so OptCoercion
  must live higehr up in the hierarchy

- Functions that manipulate Kinds has moved from 
  Type.lhs to Coercion.lhs.  Reason: the function typeKind
  now needs to call coercionKind.  And in any case, a Kind is
  a flavour of Type, so it builds on top of Type; indeed Coercions
  and Kinds are both flavours of Type.

  This change required fiddling with a number of imports, hence
  the one-line changes to otherwise-unrelated modules

- The representation of CoTyCons in TyCon has changed.   Instead of
  an extensional representation (a kind checker) there is now an
  intensional representation (namely TyCon.CoTyConDesc).  This was
  needed for one of the new coercion optimisations.

I finally got tired of the #ifdef OLD_STRICTNESS stuff.  I had been
keeping it around in the hope of doing old-to-new comparisions, but
have failed to do so for many years, so I don't think it's going to
happen.  This patch deletes the clutter.

* Core Lint now does full checking of kinds and coercion terms
  which picks up kind errors in coercions that were previously
  simply not checked for

* Coercion.lhs now provides optCoercion which optimises coercion
  terms.  It implements all of Dimitrios's rules

* The constructors for coercion terms now make no attempt to be
  "smart"; instead we rely solely on the coercion optimiser

* CoercionTyCons in TyCon.lhs always had a "custom" kinding rule
  (the coKindFun field of CoercionTyCon) but its type was not 
  clever enough to do both 
     (a) *figure out the result kind*, assuming the whole thing
         is well-kinded in the first place
     (b) *check* the kinds of everything, failing gracefully if
         they aren't right. 
  We need (b) for the new CoreLint stuff. The field now has type
        CoTyConKindChecker
  which does the job nicely.

The Core Lint warnings are new.  There's only one at the moment,
namely one to identify recursive INLINE things:

    [RHS of $c>>_als :: forall s_afT a_alJ b_alK.
                        Cpr001_imp.StateTrans s_afT a_alJ
                        -> Cpr001_imp.StateTrans s_afT b_alK
                        -> Cpr001_imp.StateTrans s_afT b_alK]
    INLINE binder is loop breaker: $c>>_als

This is definitely non-fatal, and typically gets unravelled after
another simplifier run anyway.  So I'm suppressing such warnings
for the testsuite, when -dno-debug-output is on.

In preparation for implementing the PushC rule for coercion-swizzling
in the Simplifier, I had to inmplement the three new decomposition
operators for coercions, which I've called csel1, csel2, and cselR.

     co :: ((s1~t1) => r1) ~ ((s2~t2) => r2)
     ---------------------------------------
              csel1 co :: s1~s2

and similarly csel2, cselR.

On the way I fixed the coercionKind function for types of form
          (s1~t2) => r2
which currently are expressed as a forall type.  

And I refactored quite a bit to help myself understand what is
going on.

This patch has been a long time in gestation and has, as a
result, accumulated some extra bits and bobs that are only
loosely related.  I separated the bits that are easy to split
off, but the rest comes as one big patch, I'm afraid.

Note that:
 * It comes together with a patch to the 'base' library
 * Interface file formats change slightly, so you need to
   recompile all libraries

The patch is mainly giant tidy-up, driven in part by the
particular stresses of the Data Parallel Haskell project. I don't
expect a big performance win for random programs.  Still, here are the
nofib results, relative to the state of affairs without the patch

        Program           Size    Allocs   Runtime   Elapsed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Min         -12.7%    -14.5%    -17.5%    -17.8%
            Max          +4.7%    +10.9%     +9.1%     +8.4%
 Geometric Mean          +0.9%     -0.1%     -5.6%     -7.3%

The +10.9% allocation outlier is rewrite, which happens to have a
very delicate optimisation opportunity involving an interaction
of CSE and inlining (see nofib/Simon-nofib-notes). The fact that
the 'before' case found the optimisation is somewhat accidental.
Runtimes seem to go down, but I never kno wwhether to really trust
this number.  Binary sizes wobble a bit, but nothing drastic.


The Main Ideas are as follows.

InlineRules
~~~~~~~~~~~
When you say 
      {-# INLINE f #-}
      f x = <rhs>
you intend that calls (f e) are replaced by <rhs>[e/x] So we
should capture (\x.<rhs>) in the Unfolding of 'f', and never meddle
with it.  Meanwhile, we can optimise <rhs> to our heart's content,
leaving the original unfolding intact in Unfolding of 'f'.

So the representation of an Unfolding has changed quite a bit
(see CoreSyn).  An INLINE pragma gives rise to an InlineRule 
unfolding.  

Moreover, it's only used when 'f' is applied to the
specified number of arguments; that is, the number of argument on 
the LHS of the '=' sign in the original source definition. 
For example, (.) is now defined in the libraries like this
   {-# INLINE (.) #-}
   (.) f g = \x -> f (g x)
so that it'll inline when applied to two arguments. If 'x' appeared
on the left, thus
   (.) f g x = f (g x)
it'd only inline when applied to three arguments.  This slightly-experimental
change was requested by Roman, but it seems to make sense.

Other associated changes

* Moving the deck chairs in DsBinds, which processes the INLINE pragmas

* In the old system an INLINE pragma made the RHS look like
   (Note InlineMe <rhs>)
  The Note switched off optimisation in <rhs>.  But it was quite
  fragile in corner cases. The new system is more robust, I believe.
  In any case, the InlineMe note has disappeared 

* The workerInfo of an Id has also been combined into its Unfolding,
  so it's no longer a separate field of the IdInfo.

* Many changes in CoreUnfold, esp in callSiteInline, which is the critical
  function that decides which function to inline.  Lots of comments added!

* exprIsConApp_maybe has moved to CoreUnfold, since it's so strongly
  associated with "does this expression unfold to a constructor application".
  It can now do some limited beta reduction too, which Roman found 
  was an important.

Instance declarations
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It's always been tricky to get the dfuns generated from instance
declarations to work out well.  This is particularly important in 
the Data Parallel Haskell project, and I'm now on my fourth attempt,
more or less.

There is a detailed description in TcInstDcls, particularly in
Note [How instance declarations are translated].   Roughly speaking
we now generate a top-level helper function for every method definition
in an instance declaration, so that the dfun takes a particularly
stylised form:
  dfun a d1 d2 = MkD (op1 a d1 d2) (op2 a d1 d2) ...etc...

In fact, it's *so* stylised that we never need to unfold a dfun.
Instead ClassOps have a special rewrite rule that allows us to
short-cut dictionary selection.  Suppose dfun :: Ord a -> Ord [a]
                                            d :: Ord a
Then   
    compare (dfun a d)  -->   compare_list a d 
in one rewrite, without first inlining the 'compare' selector
and the body of the dfun.

To support this
a) ClassOps have a BuiltInRule (see MkId.dictSelRule)
b) DFuns have a special form of unfolding (CoreSyn.DFunUnfolding)
   which is exploited in CoreUnfold.exprIsConApp_maybe

Implmenting all this required a root-and-branch rework of TcInstDcls
and bits of TcClassDcl.


Default methods
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you give an INLINE pragma to a default method, it should be just
as if you'd written out that code in each instance declaration, including
the INLINE pragma.  I think that it now *is* so.  As a result, library
code can be simpler; less duplication.


The CONLIKE pragma
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In the DPH project, Roman found cases where he had

   p n k = let x = replicate n k
           in ...(f x)...(g x)....

   {-# RULE f (replicate x) = f_rep x #-}

Normally the RULE would not fire, because doing so involves 
(in effect) duplicating the redex (replicate n k).  A new
experimental modifier to the INLINE pragma, {-# INLINE CONLIKE
replicate #-}, allows you to tell GHC to be prepared to duplicate
a call of this function if it allows a RULE to fire.

See Note [CONLIKE pragma] in BasicTypes


Join points
~~~~~~~~~~~
See Note [Case binders and join points] in Simplify


Other refactoring
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* I moved endPass from CoreLint to CoreMonad, with associated jigglings

* Better pretty-printing of Core

* The top-level RULES (ones that are not rules for locally-defined things)
  are now substituted on every simplifier iteration.  I'm not sure how
  we got away without doing this before.  This entails a bit more plumbing
  in SimplCore.

* The necessary stuff to serialise and deserialise the new
  info across interface files.

* Something about bottoming floats in SetLevels
      Note [Bottoming floats]

* substUnfolding has moved from SimplEnv to CoreSubs, where it belongs


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Program           Size    Allocs   Runtime   Elapsed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           anna          +2.4%     -0.5%      0.16      0.17
           ansi          +2.6%     -0.1%      0.00      0.00
           atom          -3.8%     -0.0%     -1.0%     -2.5%
         awards          +3.0%     +0.7%      0.00      0.00
         banner          +3.3%     -0.0%      0.00      0.00
     bernouilli          +2.7%     +0.0%     -4.6%     -6.9%
          boyer          +2.6%     +0.0%      0.06      0.07
         boyer2          +4.4%     +0.2%      0.01      0.01
           bspt          +3.2%     +9.6%      0.02      0.02
      cacheprof          +1.4%     -1.0%    -12.2%    -13.6%
       calendar          +2.7%     -1.7%      0.00      0.00
       cichelli          +3.7%     -0.0%      0.13      0.14
        circsim          +3.3%     +0.0%     -2.3%     -9.9%
       clausify          +2.7%     +0.0%      0.05      0.06
  comp_lab_zift          +2.6%     -0.3%     -7.2%     -7.9%
       compress          +3.3%     +0.0%     -8.5%     -9.6%
      compress2          +3.6%     +0.0%    -15.1%    -17.8%
    constraints          +2.7%     -0.6%    -10.0%    -10.7%
   cryptarithm1          +4.5%     +0.0%     -4.7%     -5.7%
   cryptarithm2          +4.3%    -14.5%      0.02      0.02
            cse          +4.4%     -0.0%      0.00      0.00
          eliza          +2.8%     -0.1%      0.00      0.00
          event          +2.6%     -0.0%     -4.9%     -4.4%
         exp3_8          +2.8%     +0.0%     -4.5%     -9.5%
         expert          +2.7%     +0.3%      0.00      0.00
            fem          -2.0%     +0.6%      0.04      0.04
            fft          -6.0%     +1.8%      0.05      0.06
           fft2          -4.8%     +2.7%      0.13      0.14
       fibheaps          +2.6%     -0.6%      0.05      0.05
           fish          +4.1%     +0.0%      0.03      0.04
          fluid          -2.1%     -0.2%      0.01      0.01
         fulsom          -4.8%     +9.2%     +9.1%     +8.4%
         gamteb          -7.1%     -1.3%      0.10      0.11
            gcd          +2.7%     +0.0%      0.05      0.05
    gen_regexps          +3.9%     -0.0%      0.00      0.00
         genfft          +2.7%     -0.1%      0.05      0.06
             gg          -2.7%     -0.1%      0.02      0.02
           grep          +3.2%     -0.0%      0.00      0.00
         hidden          -0.5%     +0.0%    -11.9%    -13.3%
            hpg          -3.0%     -1.8%     +0.0%     -2.4%
            ida          +2.6%     -1.2%      0.17     -9.0%
          infer          +1.7%     -0.8%      0.08      0.09
        integer          +2.5%     -0.0%     -2.6%     -2.2%
      integrate          -5.0%     +0.0%     -1.3%     -2.9%
        knights          +4.3%     -1.5%      0.01      0.01
           lcss          +2.5%     -0.1%     -7.5%     -9.4%
           life          +4.2%     +0.0%     -3.1%     -3.3%
           lift          +2.4%     -3.2%      0.00      0.00
      listcompr          +4.0%     -1.6%      0.16      0.17
       listcopy          +4.0%     -1.4%      0.17      0.18
       maillist          +4.1%     +0.1%      0.09      0.14
         mandel          +2.9%     +0.0%      0.11      0.12
        mandel2          +4.7%     +0.0%      0.01      0.01
        minimax          +3.8%     -0.0%      0.00      0.00
        mkhprog          +3.2%     -4.2%      0.00      0.00
     multiplier          +2.5%     -0.4%     +0.7%     -1.3%
       nucleic2          -9.3%     +0.0%      0.10      0.10
           para          +2.9%     +0.1%     -0.7%     -1.2%
      paraffins         -10.4%     +0.0%      0.20     -1.9%
         parser          +3.1%     -0.0%      0.05      0.05
        parstof          +1.9%     -0.0%      0.00      0.01
            pic          -2.8%     -0.8%      0.01      0.02
          power          +2.1%     +0.1%     -8.5%     -9.0%
         pretty         -12.7%     +0.1%      0.00      0.00
         primes          +2.8%     +0.0%      0.11      0.11
      primetest          +2.5%     -0.0%     -2.1%     -3.1%
         prolog          +3.2%     -7.2%      0.00      0.00
         puzzle          +4.1%     +0.0%     -3.5%     -8.0%
         queens          +2.8%     +0.0%      0.03      0.03
        reptile          +2.2%     -2.2%      0.02      0.02
        rewrite          +3.1%    +10.9%      0.03      0.03
           rfib          -5.2%     +0.2%      0.03      0.03
            rsa          +2.6%     +0.0%      0.05      0.06
            scc          +4.6%     +0.4%      0.00      0.00
          sched          +2.7%     +0.1%      0.03      0.03
            scs          -2.6%     -0.9%     -9.6%    -11.6%
         simple          -4.0%     +0.4%    -14.6%    -14.9%
          solid          -5.6%     -0.6%     -9.3%    -14.3%
        sorting          +3.8%     +0.0%      0.00      0.00
         sphere          -3.6%     +8.5%      0.15      0.16
         symalg          -1.3%     +0.2%      0.03      0.03
            tak          +2.7%     +0.0%      0.02      0.02
      transform          +2.0%     -2.9%     -8.0%     -8.8%
       treejoin          +3.1%     +0.0%    -17.5%    -17.8%
      typecheck          +2.9%     -0.3%     -4.6%     -6.6%
        veritas          +3.9%     -0.3%      0.00      0.00
           wang          -6.2%     +0.0%      0.18     -9.8%
      wave4main         -10.3%     +2.6%     -2.1%     -2.3%
   wheel-sieve1          +2.7%     -0.0%     +0.3%     -0.6%
   wheel-sieve2          +2.7%     +0.0%     -3.7%     -7.5%
           x2n1          -4.1%     +0.1%      0.03      0.04
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Min         -12.7%    -14.5%    -17.5%    -17.8%
            Max          +4.7%    +10.9%     +9.1%     +8.4%
 Geometric Mean          +0.9%     -0.1%     -5.6%     -7.3%

rolling back:

Fri Dec  5 16:54:00 GMT 2008  simonpj@microsoft.com
  * Completely new treatment of INLINE pragmas (big patch)
  
  This is a major patch, which changes the way INLINE pragmas work.
  Although lots of files are touched, the net is only +21 lines of
  code -- and I bet that most of those are comments!
  
  HEADS UP: interface file format has changed, so you'll need to
  recompile everything.
  
  There is not much effect on overall performance for nofib, 
  probably because those programs don't make heavy use of INLINE pragmas.
  
          Program           Size    Allocs   Runtime   Elapsed
              Min         -11.3%     -6.9%     -9.2%     -8.2%
              Max          -0.1%     +4.6%     +7.5%     +8.9%
   Geometric Mean          -2.2%     -0.2%     -1.0%     -0.8%
  
  (The +4.6% for on allocs is cichelli; see other patch relating to
  -fpass-case-bndr-to-join-points.)
  
  The old INLINE system
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  The old system worked like this. A function with an INLINE pragam
  got a right-hand side which looked like
       f = __inline_me__ (\xy. e)
  The __inline_me__ part was an InlineNote, and was treated specially
  in various ways.  Notably, the simplifier didn't inline inside an
  __inline_me__ note.  
  
  As a result, the code for f itself was pretty crappy. That matters
  if you say (map f xs), because then you execute the code for f,
  rather than inlining a copy at the call site.
  
  The new story: InlineRules
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  The new system removes the InlineMe Note altogether.  Instead there
  is a new constructor InlineRule in CoreSyn.Unfolding.  This is a 
  bit like a RULE, in that it remembers the template to be inlined inside
  the InlineRule.  No simplification or inlining is done on an InlineRule,
  just like RULEs.  
  
  An Id can have an InlineRule *or* a CoreUnfolding (since these are two
  constructors from Unfolding). The simplifier treats them differently:
  
    - An InlineRule is has the substitution applied (like RULES) but 
      is otherwise left undisturbed.
  
    - A CoreUnfolding is updated with the new RHS of the definition,
      on each iteration of the simplifier.
  
  An InlineRule fires regardless of size, but *only* when the function
  is applied to enough arguments.  The "arity" of the rule is specified
  (by the programmer) as the number of args on the LHS of the "=".  So
  it makes a difference whether you say
    	{-# INLINE f #-}
  	f x = \y -> e     or     f x y = e
  This is one of the big new features that InlineRule gives us, and it
  is one that Roman really wanted.
  
  In contrast, a CoreUnfolding can fire when it is applied to fewer
  args than than the function has lambdas, provided the result is small
  enough.
  
  
  Consequential stuff
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  * A 'wrapper' no longer has a WrapperInfo in the IdInfo.  Instead,
    the InlineRule has a field identifying wrappers.
  
  * Of course, IfaceSyn and interface serialisation changes appropriately.
  
  * Making implication constraints inline nicely was a bit fiddly. In
    the end I added a var_inline field to HsBInd.VarBind, which is why
    this patch affects the type checker slightly
  
  * I made some changes to the way in which eta expansion happens in
    CorePrep, mainly to ensure that *arguments* that become let-bound
    are also eta-expanded.  I'm still not too happy with the clarity
    and robustness fo the result.
  
  * We now complain if the programmer gives an INLINE pragma for
    a recursive function (prevsiously we just ignored it).  Reason for
    change: we don't want an InlineRule on a LoopBreaker, because then
    we'd have to check for loop-breaker-hood at occurrence sites (which
    isn't currenlty done).  Some tests need changing as a result.
  
  This patch has been in my tree for quite a while, so there are
  probably some other minor changes.
  

    M ./compiler/basicTypes/Id.lhs -11
    M ./compiler/basicTypes/IdInfo.lhs -82
    M ./compiler/basicTypes/MkId.lhs -2 +2
    M ./compiler/coreSyn/CoreFVs.lhs -2 +25
    M ./compiler/coreSyn/CoreLint.lhs -5 +1
    M ./compiler/coreSyn/CorePrep.lhs -59 +53
    M ./compiler/coreSyn/CoreSubst.lhs -22 +31
    M ./compiler/coreSyn/CoreSyn.lhs -66 +92
    M ./compiler/coreSyn/CoreUnfold.lhs -112 +112
    M ./compiler/coreSyn/CoreUtils.lhs -185 +184
    M ./compiler/coreSyn/MkExternalCore.lhs -1
    M ./compiler/coreSyn/PprCore.lhs -4 +40
    M ./compiler/deSugar/DsBinds.lhs -70 +118
    M ./compiler/deSugar/DsForeign.lhs -2 +4
    M ./compiler/deSugar/DsMeta.hs -4 +3
    M ./compiler/hsSyn/HsBinds.lhs -3 +3
    M ./compiler/hsSyn/HsUtils.lhs -2 +7
    M ./compiler/iface/BinIface.hs -11 +25
    M ./compiler/iface/IfaceSyn.lhs -13 +21
    M ./compiler/iface/MkIface.lhs -24 +19
    M ./compiler/iface/TcIface.lhs -29 +23
    M ./compiler/main/TidyPgm.lhs -55 +49
    M ./compiler/parser/ParserCore.y -5 +6
    M ./compiler/simplCore/CSE.lhs -2 +1
    M ./compiler/simplCore/FloatIn.lhs -6 +1
    M ./compiler/simplCore/FloatOut.lhs -23
    M ./compiler/simplCore/OccurAnal.lhs -36 +5
    M ./compiler/simplCore/SetLevels.lhs -59 +54
    M ./compiler/simplCore/SimplCore.lhs -48 +52
    M ./compiler/simplCore/SimplEnv.lhs -26 +22
    M ./compiler/simplCore/SimplUtils.lhs -28 +4
    M ./compiler/simplCore/Simplify.lhs -91 +109
    M ./compiler/specialise/Specialise.lhs -15 +18
    M ./compiler/stranal/WorkWrap.lhs -14 +11
    M ./compiler/stranal/WwLib.lhs -2 +2
    M ./compiler/typecheck/Inst.lhs -1 +3
    M ./compiler/typecheck/TcBinds.lhs -17 +27
    M ./compiler/typecheck/TcClassDcl.lhs -1 +2
    M ./compiler/typecheck/TcExpr.lhs -4 +6
    M ./compiler/typecheck/TcForeign.lhs -1 +1
    M ./compiler/typecheck/TcGenDeriv.lhs -14 +13
    M ./compiler/typecheck/TcHsSyn.lhs -3 +2
    M ./compiler/typecheck/TcInstDcls.lhs -5 +4
    M ./compiler/typecheck/TcRnDriver.lhs -2 +11
    M ./compiler/typecheck/TcSimplify.lhs -10 +17
    M ./compiler/vectorise/VectType.hs +7

Mon Dec  8 12:43:10 GMT 2008  simonpj@microsoft.com
  * White space only

    M ./compiler/simplCore/Simplify.lhs -2

Mon Dec  8 12:48:40 GMT 2008  simonpj@microsoft.com
  * Move simpleOptExpr from CoreUnfold to CoreSubst

    M ./compiler/coreSyn/CoreSubst.lhs -1 +87
    M ./compiler/coreSyn/CoreUnfold.lhs -72 +1

Mon Dec  8 17:30:18 GMT 2008  simonpj@microsoft.com
  * Use CoreSubst.simpleOptExpr in place of the ad-hoc simpleSubst (reduces code too)

    M ./compiler/deSugar/DsBinds.lhs -50 +16

Tue Dec  9 17:03:02 GMT 2008  simonpj@microsoft.com
  * Fix Trac #2861: bogus eta expansion
  
  Urghlhl!  I "tided up" the treatment of the "state hack" in CoreUtils, but
  missed an unexpected interaction with the way that a bottoming function
  simply swallows excess arguments.  There's a long
       Note [State hack and bottoming functions]
  to explain (which accounts for most of the new lines of code).
  

    M ./compiler/coreSyn/CoreUtils.lhs -16 +53

Mon Dec 15 10:02:21 GMT 2008  Simon Marlow <marlowsd@gmail.com>
  * Revert CorePrep part of "Completely new treatment of INLINE pragmas..."
  
  The original patch said:
  
  * I made some changes to the way in which eta expansion happens in
    CorePrep, mainly to ensure that *arguments* that become let-bound
    are also eta-expanded.  I'm still not too happy with the clarity
    and robustness fo the result.
    
  Unfortunately this change apparently broke some invariants that were
  relied on elsewhere, and in particular lead to panics when compiling
  with profiling on.
  
  Will re-investigate in the new year.

    M ./compiler/coreSyn/CorePrep.lhs -53 +58
    M ./configure.ac -1 +1

Mon Dec 15 12:28:51 GMT 2008  Simon Marlow <marlowsd@gmail.com>
  * revert accidental change to configure.ac

    M ./configure.ac -1 +1

This is a major patch, which changes the way INLINE pragmas work.
Although lots of files are touched, the net is only +21 lines of
code -- and I bet that most of those are comments!

HEADS UP: interface file format has changed, so you'll need to
recompile everything.

There is not much effect on overall performance for nofib, 
probably because those programs don't make heavy use of INLINE pragmas.

        Program           Size    Allocs   Runtime   Elapsed
            Min         -11.3%     -6.9%     -9.2%     -8.2%
            Max          -0.1%     +4.6%     +7.5%     +8.9%
 Geometric Mean          -2.2%     -0.2%     -1.0%     -0.8%

(The +4.6% for on allocs is cichelli; see other patch relating to
-fpass-case-bndr-to-join-points.)

The old INLINE system
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The old system worked like this. A function with an INLINE pragam
got a right-hand side which looked like
     f = __inline_me__ (\xy. e)
The __inline_me__ part was an InlineNote, and was treated specially
in various ways.  Notably, the simplifier didn't inline inside an
__inline_me__ note.  

As a result, the code for f itself was pretty crappy. That matters
if you say (map f xs), because then you execute the code for f,
rather than inlining a copy at the call site.

The new story: InlineRules
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The new system removes the InlineMe Note altogether.  Instead there
is a new constructor InlineRule in CoreSyn.Unfolding.  This is a 
bit like a RULE, in that it remembers the template to be inlined inside
the InlineRule.  No simplification or inlining is done on an InlineRule,
just like RULEs.  

An Id can have an InlineRule *or* a CoreUnfolding (since these are two
constructors from Unfolding). The simplifier treats them differently:

  - An InlineRule is has the substitution applied (like RULES) but 
    is otherwise left undisturbed.

  - A CoreUnfolding is updated with the new RHS of the definition,
    on each iteration of the simplifier.

An InlineRule fires regardless of size, but *only* when the function
is applied to enough arguments.  The "arity" of the rule is specified
(by the programmer) as the number of args on the LHS of the "=".  So
it makes a difference whether you say
  	{-# INLINE f #-}
	f x = \y -> e     or     f x y = e
This is one of the big new features that InlineRule gives us, and it
is one that Roman really wanted.

In contrast, a CoreUnfolding can fire when it is applied to fewer
args than than the function has lambdas, provided the result is small
enough.


Consequential stuff
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* A 'wrapper' no longer has a WrapperInfo in the IdInfo.  Instead,
  the InlineRule has a field identifying wrappers.

* Of course, IfaceSyn and interface serialisation changes appropriately.

* Making implication constraints inline nicely was a bit fiddly. In
  the end I added a var_inline field to HsBInd.VarBind, which is why
  this patch affects the type checker slightly

* I made some changes to the way in which eta expansion happens in
  CorePrep, mainly to ensure that *arguments* that become let-bound
  are also eta-expanded.  I'm still not too happy with the clarity
  and robustness fo the result.

* We now complain if the programmer gives an INLINE pragma for
  a recursive function (prevsiously we just ignored it).  Reason for
  change: we don't want an InlineRule on a LoopBreaker, because then
  we'd have to check for loop-breaker-hood at occurrence sites (which
  isn't currenlty done).  Some tests need changing as a result.

This patch has been in my tree for quite a while, so there are
probably some other minor changes.

This patch does a lot of tidying up of the way that dead variables are
handled in Core.  Just the sort of thing to do on an aeroplane.

* The tricky "binder-swap" optimisation is moved from the Simplifier
  to the Occurrence Analyser.  See Note [Binder swap] in OccurAnal.
  This is really a nice change.  It should reduce the number of
  simplifier iteratoins (slightly perhaps).  And it means that
  we can be much less pessimistic about zapping occurrence info
  on binders in a case expression.  

* For example:
	case x of y { (a,b) -> e }
  Previously, each time around, even if y,a,b were all dead, the
  Simplifier would pessimistically zap their OccInfo, so that we
  can't see they are dead any more.  As a result virtually no 
  case expression ended up with dead binders.  This wasn't Bad
  in itself, but it always felt wrong.

* I added a check to CoreLint to check that a dead binder really
  isn't used.  That showed up a couple of bugs in CSE. (Only in
  this sense -- they didn't really matter.)
  
* I've changed the PprCore printer to print "_" for a dead variable.
  (Use -dppr-debug to see it again.)  This reduces clutter quite a
  bit, and of course it's much more useful with the above change.

* Another benefit of the binder-swap change is that I could get rid of
  the Simplifier hack (working, but hacky) in which the InScopeSet was
  used to map a variable to a *different* variable. That allowed me
  to remove VarEnv.modifyInScopeSet, and to simplify lookupInScopeSet
  so that it doesn't look for a fixpoint.  This fixes no bugs, but 
  is a useful cleanup.

* Roman pointed out that Id.mkWildId is jolly dangerous, because
  of its fixed unique.  So I've 

     - localied it to MkCore, where it is private (not exported)

     - renamed it to 'mkWildBinder' to stress that you should only
       use it at binding sites, unless you really know what you are
       doing

     - provided a function MkCore.mkWildCase that emodies the most
       common use of mkWildId, and use that elsewhere

   So things are much better

* A knock-on change is that I found a common pattern of localising
  a potentially global Id, and made a function for it: Id.localiseId

This patch adds to Core the ability to say
	let a = Int in <body>
where 'a' is a type variable.  That is: a type-let.
See Note [Type let] in CoreSyn.

* The binding is always non-recursive
* The simplifier immediately eliminates it by substitution 

So in effect a type-let is just a delayed substitution.  This is convenient
in a couple of places in the desugarer, one existing (see the call to
CoreTyn.mkTyBind in DsUtils), and one that's in the next upcoming patch.

The first use in the desugarer was previously encoded as
	(/\a. <body>) Int
rather that eagerly substituting, but that was horrid because Core Lint
had do "know" that a=Int inside <body> else it would bleat.  Expressing
it directly as a 'let' seems much nicer.