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  • Ben Gamari's avatar
    7f72b540
    Merge non-moving garbage collector · 7f72b540
    Ben Gamari authored
    This introduces a concurrent mark & sweep garbage collector to manage the old
    generation. The concurrent nature of this collector typically results in
    significantly reduced maximum and mean pause times in applications with large
    working sets.
    
    Due to the large and intricate nature of the change I have opted to
    preserve the fully-buildable history, including merge commits, which is
    described in the "Branch overview" section below.
    
    Collector design
    ================
    
    The full design of the collector implemented here is described in detail
    in a technical note
    
    > B. Gamari. "A Concurrent Garbage Collector For the Glasgow Haskell
    > Compiler" (2018)
    
    This document can be requested from @bgamari.
    The basic heap structure used in this design is heavily inspired by
    
    > K. Ueno & A. Ohori. "A fully concurrent garbage collector for
    > functional programs on multicore processors." /ACM SIGPLAN Notices/
    > Vol. 51. No. 9 (presented at ICFP 2016)
    
    This design is intended to allow both marking and sweeping
    concurrent to execution of a multi-core mutator. Unlike the Ueno design,
    which requires no global synchronization pauses, the collector
    introduced here requires a stop-the-world pause at the beginning and end
    of the mark phase.
    
    To avoid heap fragmentation, the allocator consists of a number of
    fixed-size /sub-allocators/. Each of these sub-allocators allocators into
    its own set of /segments/, themselves allocated from the block
    allocator. Each segment is broken into a set of fixed-size allocation
    blocks (which back allocations) in addition to a bitmap (used to track
    the liveness of blocks) and some additional metadata (used also used
    to track liveness).
    
    This heap structure enables collection via mark-and-sweep, which can be
    performed concurrently via a snapshot-at-the-beginning scheme (although
    concurrent collection is not implemented in this patch).
    
    Implementation structure
    ========================
    
    The majority of the collector is implemented in a handful of files:
    
     * `rts/Nonmoving.c` is the heart of the beast. It implements the entry-point
       to the nonmoving collector (`nonmoving_collect`), as well as the allocator
       (`nonmoving_allocate`) and a number of utilities for manipulating the heap.
    
     * `rts/NonmovingMark.c` implements the mark queue functionality, update
       remembered set, and mark loop.
    
     * `rts/NonmovingSweep.c` implements the sweep loop.
    
     * `rts/NonmovingScav.c` implements the logic necessary to scavenge the
       nonmoving heap.
    
    Branch overview
    ===============
    
    ```
     * wip/gc/opt-pause:
     |   A variety of small optimisations to further reduce pause times.
     |
     * wip/gc/compact-nfdata:
     |   Introduce support for compact regions into the non-moving
     |\  collector
     | \
     |  \
     | | * wip/gc/segment-header-to-bdescr:
     | | |   Another optimization that we are considering, pushing
     | | |   some segment metadata into the segment descriptor for
     | | |   the sake of locality during mark
     | | |
     | * | wip/gc/shortcutting:
     | | |   Support for indirection shortcutting and the selector optimization
     | | |   in the non-moving heap.
     | | |
     * | | wip/gc/docs:
     | |/    Work on implementation documentation.
     | /
     |/
     * wip/gc/everything:
     |   A roll-up of everything below.
     |\
     | \
     | |\
     | | \
     | | * wip/gc/optimize:
     | | |   A variety of optimizations, primarily to the mark loop.
     | | |   Some of these are microoptimizations but a few are quite
     | | |   significant. In particular, the prefetch patches have
     | | |   produced a nontrivial improvement in mark performance.
     | | |
     | | * wip/gc/aging:
     | | |   Enable support for aging in major collections.
     | | |
     | * | wip/gc/test:
     | | |   Fix up the testsuite to more or less pass.
     | | |
     * | | wip/gc/instrumentation:
     | | |   A variety of runtime instrumentation including statistics
     | | /   support, the nonmoving census, and eventlog support.
     | |/
     | /
     |/
     * wip/gc/nonmoving-concurrent:
     |   The concurrent write barriers.
     |
     * wip/gc/nonmoving-nonconcurrent:
     |   The nonmoving collector without the write barriers necessary
     |   for concurrent collection.
     |
     * wip/gc/preparation:
     |   A merge of the various preparatory patches that aren't directly
     |   implementing the GC.
     |
     |
     * GHC HEAD
     .
     .
     .
    ```
    7f72b540
    History
    Merge non-moving garbage collector
    Ben Gamari authored
    This introduces a concurrent mark & sweep garbage collector to manage the old
    generation. The concurrent nature of this collector typically results in
    significantly reduced maximum and mean pause times in applications with large
    working sets.
    
    Due to the large and intricate nature of the change I have opted to
    preserve the fully-buildable history, including merge commits, which is
    described in the "Branch overview" section below.
    
    Collector design
    ================
    
    The full design of the collector implemented here is described in detail
    in a technical note
    
    > B. Gamari. "A Concurrent Garbage Collector For the Glasgow Haskell
    > Compiler" (2018)
    
    This document can be requested from @bgamari.
    The basic heap structure used in this design is heavily inspired by
    
    > K. Ueno & A. Ohori. "A fully concurrent garbage collector for
    > functional programs on multicore processors." /ACM SIGPLAN Notices/
    > Vol. 51. No. 9 (presented at ICFP 2016)
    
    This design is intended to allow both marking and sweeping
    concurrent to execution of a multi-core mutator. Unlike the Ueno design,
    which requires no global synchronization pauses, the collector
    introduced here requires a stop-the-world pause at the beginning and end
    of the mark phase.
    
    To avoid heap fragmentation, the allocator consists of a number of
    fixed-size /sub-allocators/. Each of these sub-allocators allocators into
    its own set of /segments/, themselves allocated from the block
    allocator. Each segment is broken into a set of fixed-size allocation
    blocks (which back allocations) in addition to a bitmap (used to track
    the liveness of blocks) and some additional metadata (used also used
    to track liveness).
    
    This heap structure enables collection via mark-and-sweep, which can be
    performed concurrently via a snapshot-at-the-beginning scheme (although
    concurrent collection is not implemented in this patch).
    
    Implementation structure
    ========================
    
    The majority of the collector is implemented in a handful of files:
    
     * `rts/Nonmoving.c` is the heart of the beast. It implements the entry-point
       to the nonmoving collector (`nonmoving_collect`), as well as the allocator
       (`nonmoving_allocate`) and a number of utilities for manipulating the heap.
    
     * `rts/NonmovingMark.c` implements the mark queue functionality, update
       remembered set, and mark loop.
    
     * `rts/NonmovingSweep.c` implements the sweep loop.
    
     * `rts/NonmovingScav.c` implements the logic necessary to scavenge the
       nonmoving heap.
    
    Branch overview
    ===============
    
    ```
     * wip/gc/opt-pause:
     |   A variety of small optimisations to further reduce pause times.
     |
     * wip/gc/compact-nfdata:
     |   Introduce support for compact regions into the non-moving
     |\  collector
     | \
     |  \
     | | * wip/gc/segment-header-to-bdescr:
     | | |   Another optimization that we are considering, pushing
     | | |   some segment metadata into the segment descriptor for
     | | |   the sake of locality during mark
     | | |
     | * | wip/gc/shortcutting:
     | | |   Support for indirection shortcutting and the selector optimization
     | | |   in the non-moving heap.
     | | |
     * | | wip/gc/docs:
     | |/    Work on implementation documentation.
     | /
     |/
     * wip/gc/everything:
     |   A roll-up of everything below.
     |\
     | \
     | |\
     | | \
     | | * wip/gc/optimize:
     | | |   A variety of optimizations, primarily to the mark loop.
     | | |   Some of these are microoptimizations but a few are quite
     | | |   significant. In particular, the prefetch patches have
     | | |   produced a nontrivial improvement in mark performance.
     | | |
     | | * wip/gc/aging:
     | | |   Enable support for aging in major collections.
     | | |
     | * | wip/gc/test:
     | | |   Fix up the testsuite to more or less pass.
     | | |
     * | | wip/gc/instrumentation:
     | | |   A variety of runtime instrumentation including statistics
     | | /   support, the nonmoving census, and eventlog support.
     | |/
     | /
     |/
     * wip/gc/nonmoving-concurrent:
     |   The concurrent write barriers.
     |
     * wip/gc/nonmoving-nonconcurrent:
     |   The nonmoving collector without the write barriers necessary
     |   for concurrent collection.
     |
     * wip/gc/preparation:
     |   A merge of the various preparatory patches that aren't directly
     |   implementing the GC.
     |
     |
     * GHC HEAD
     .
     .
     .
    ```
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Rts.h 9.29 KiB
/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * (c) The GHC Team, 1998-2009
 *
 * RTS external APIs.  This file declares everything that the GHC RTS
 * exposes externally.
 *
 * To understand the structure of the RTS headers, see the wiki:
 *   https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/wikis/commentary/source-tree/includes
 *
 * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#pragma once

#if defined(__cplusplus)
extern "C" {
#endif

/* get types from GHC's runtime system */
#include "ghcconfig.h"
/* We have to include Types.h before everything else as this defines some
   macros that will change the behaviour of system headers.  */
#include "stg/Types.h"

/* We include windows.h very early, as on Win64 the CONTEXT type has
   fields "R8", "R9" and "R10", which goes bad if we've already
   #define'd those names for our own purposes (in stg/Regs.h) */
#if defined(HAVE_WINDOWS_H)
#include <windows.h>
#endif

#if !defined(IN_STG_CODE)
#define IN_STG_CODE 0
#endif
#include "Stg.h"

#include "HsFFI.h"
#include "RtsAPI.h"

// Turn off inlining when debugging - it obfuscates things
#if defined(DEBUG)
# undef  STATIC_INLINE
# define STATIC_INLINE static
#endif

#include "rts/Types.h"
#include "rts/Time.h"

#if __GNUC__ >= 3
#define ATTRIBUTE_ALIGNED(n) __attribute__((aligned(n)))
#else
#define ATTRIBUTE_ALIGNED(n) /*nothing*/
#endif

// Symbols that are extern, but private to the RTS, are declared
// with visibility "hidden" to hide them outside the RTS shared
// library.
#if defined(HAS_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN)
#define RTS_PRIVATE  GNUC3_ATTRIBUTE(visibility("hidden"))
#else
#define RTS_PRIVATE  /* disabled: RTS_PRIVATE */
#endif

#if __GNUC__ >= 4
#define RTS_UNLIKELY(p) __builtin_expect((p),0)
#else
#define RTS_UNLIKELY(p) (p)
#endif

#if __GNUC__ >= 4
#define RTS_LIKELY(p) __builtin_expect(!!(p), 1)
#else
#define RTS_LIKELY(p) (p)
#endif

/* __builtin_unreachable is supported since GNU C 4.5 */
#if __GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 5)
#define RTS_UNREACHABLE __builtin_unreachable()
#else
#define RTS_UNREACHABLE abort()
#endif

/* Prefetch primitives */
#define prefetchForRead(ptr) __builtin_prefetch(ptr, 0)
#define prefetchForWrite(ptr) __builtin_prefetch(ptr, 1)

/* Fix for mingw stat problem (done here so it's early enough) */
#if defined(mingw32_HOST_OS)
#define __MSVCRT__ 1
#endif

/* Needed to get the macro version of errno on some OSs, and also to
   get prototypes for the _r versions of C library functions. */
#if !defined(_REENTRANT)
#define _REENTRANT 1
#endif

/*
 * We often want to know the size of something in units of an
 * StgWord... (rounded up, of course!)
 */
#define ROUNDUP_BYTES_TO_WDS(n) (((n) + sizeof(W_) - 1) / sizeof(W_))

#define sizeofW(t) ROUNDUP_BYTES_TO_WDS(sizeof(t))

/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Assertions and Debuggery

   CHECK(p)   evaluates p and terminates with an error if p is false
   ASSERT(p)  like CHECK(p) if DEBUG is on, otherwise a no-op
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

void _assertFail(const char *filename, unsigned int linenum)
   GNUC3_ATTRIBUTE(__noreturn__);

#define CHECK(predicate)                        \
        if (predicate)                          \
            /*null*/;                           \
        else                                    \
            _assertFail(__FILE__, __LINE__)

#define CHECKM(predicate, msg, ...)             \
        if (predicate)                          \
            /*null*/;                           \
        else                                    \
            barf(msg, ##__VA_ARGS__)

#if !defined(DEBUG)
#define ASSERT(predicate) /* nothing */
#define ASSERTM(predicate,msg,...) /* nothing */
#else
#define ASSERT(predicate) CHECK(predicate)
#define ASSERTM(predicate,msg,...) CHECKM(predicate,msg,##__VA_ARGS__)
#endif /* DEBUG */

/*
 * Use this on the RHS of macros which expand to nothing
 * to make sure that the macro can be used in a context which
 * demands a non-empty statement.
 */

#define doNothing() do { } while (0)

#if defined(DEBUG)
#define USED_IF_DEBUG
#define USED_IF_NOT_DEBUG STG_UNUSED
#else
#define USED_IF_DEBUG STG_UNUSED
#define USED_IF_NOT_DEBUG
#endif

#if defined(THREADED_RTS)
#define USED_IF_THREADS
#define USED_IF_NOT_THREADS STG_UNUSED
#else
#define USED_IF_THREADS STG_UNUSED
#define USED_IF_NOT_THREADS
#endif

#if defined(PROFILING)
#define USED_IF_PROFILING
#define USED_IF_NOT_PROFILING STG_UNUSED
#else
#define USED_IF_PROFILING STG_UNUSED
#define USED_IF_NOT_PROFILING
#endif

#define FMT_SizeT    "zu"
#define FMT_HexSizeT "zx"

/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Include everything STG-ish
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* System headers: stdlib.h is needed so that we can use NULL.  It must
 * come after MachRegs.h, because stdlib.h might define some inline
 * functions which may only be defined after register variables have
 * been declared.
 */
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "rts/Config.h"

/* Global constraints */
#include "rts/Constants.h"

/* Profiling information */
#include "rts/prof/CCS.h"
#include "rts/prof/LDV.h"

/* Parallel information */
#include "rts/OSThreads.h"
#include "rts/SpinLock.h"

#include "rts/Messages.h"
#include "rts/Threads.h"

/* Storage format definitions */
#include "rts/storage/FunTypes.h"
#include "rts/storage/InfoTables.h"
#include "rts/storage/Closures.h"
#include "rts/storage/Heap.h"
#include "rts/storage/ClosureTypes.h"
#include "rts/storage/TSO.h"
#include "stg/MiscClosures.h" /* InfoTables, closures etc. defined in the RTS */
#include "rts/storage/Block.h"
#include "rts/storage/ClosureMacros.h"
#include "rts/storage/MBlock.h"
#include "rts/storage/GC.h"
#include "rts/NonMoving.h"

/* Other RTS external APIs */
#include "rts/Parallel.h"
#include "rts/Signals.h"
#include "rts/BlockSignals.h"
#include "rts/Hpc.h"
#include "rts/Flags.h"
#include "rts/Adjustor.h"
#include "rts/FileLock.h"
#include "rts/GetTime.h"
#include "rts/Globals.h"
#include "rts/IOManager.h"
#include "rts/Linker.h"
#include "rts/Ticky.h"
#include "rts/Timer.h"
#include "rts/StablePtr.h"
#include "rts/StableName.h"
#include "rts/TTY.h"
#include "rts/Utils.h"
#include "rts/PrimFloat.h"
#include "rts/Main.h"
#include "rts/Profiling.h"
#include "rts/StaticPtrTable.h"
#include "rts/Libdw.h"
#include "rts/LibdwPool.h"

/* Misc stuff without a home */
DLL_IMPORT_RTS extern char **prog_argv; /* so we can get at these from Haskell */
DLL_IMPORT_RTS extern int    prog_argc;
DLL_IMPORT_RTS extern char  *prog_name;

void reportStackOverflow(StgTSO* tso);
void reportHeapOverflow(void);

void stg_exit(int n) GNU_ATTRIBUTE(__noreturn__);

#if !defined(mingw32_HOST_OS)
int stg_sig_install (int, int, void *);
#endif

/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Ways
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

// Returns non-zero if the RTS is a profiling version
int rts_isProfiled(void);

// Returns non-zero if the RTS is a dynamically-linked version
int rts_isDynamic(void);

/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   RTS Exit codes
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* 255 is allegedly used by dynamic linkers to report linking failure */
#define EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR 254
#define EXIT_DEADLOCK       253
#define EXIT_INTERRUPTED    252
#define EXIT_HEAPOVERFLOW   251
#define EXIT_KILLED         250

/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Miscellaneous garbage
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#if defined(DEBUG)
#define TICK_VAR(arity) \
  extern StgInt SLOW_CALLS_##arity; \
  extern StgInt RIGHT_ARITY_##arity; \
  extern StgInt TAGGED_PTR_##arity;

extern StgInt TOTAL_CALLS;

TICK_VAR(1)
TICK_VAR(2)
#endif

/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Assertions and Debuggery
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#define IF_RTSFLAGS(c,s)  if (RtsFlags.c) { s; } doNothing()

#if defined(DEBUG)
/* See Note [RtsFlags is a pointer in STG code] */
#if IN_STG_CODE
#define IF_DEBUG(c,s)  if (RtsFlags[0].DebugFlags.c) { s; } doNothing()
#else
#define IF_DEBUG(c,s)  if (RtsFlags.DebugFlags.c) { s; } doNothing()
#endif /* IN_STG_CODE */
#else
#define IF_DEBUG(c,s)  doNothing()
#endif /* DEBUG */

#if defined(DEBUG)
#define DEBUG_ONLY(s) s
#else
#define DEBUG_ONLY(s) doNothing()
#endif /* DEBUG */

#if defined(DEBUG)
#define DEBUG_IS_ON   1
#else
#define DEBUG_IS_ON   0
#endif /* DEBUG */

/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Useful macros and inline functions
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#if defined(__GNUC__)
#define SUPPORTS_TYPEOF
#endif

#if defined(SUPPORTS_TYPEOF)
#define stg_min(a,b) ({typeof(a) _a = (a), _b = (b); _a <= _b ? _a : _b; })
#define stg_max(a,b) ({typeof(a) _a = (a), _b = (b); _a <= _b ? _b : _a; })
#else
#define stg_min(a,b) ((a) <= (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define stg_max(a,b) ((a) <= (b) ? (b) : (a))
#endif

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#if defined(__cplusplus)
}
#endif