Desugar quoted uses of DerivingVia and expression type signatures properly

The way that `GHC.HsToCore.Quote` desugared quoted `via` types (e.g.,
`deriving via forall a. [a] instance Eq a => Eq (List a)`) and
explicit type annotations in signatures (e.g.,
`f = id @a :: forall a. a -> a`) was completely wrong, as it did not
implement the scoping guidelines laid out in
`Note [Scoped type variables in bindings]`. This is easily fixed.

While I was in town, I did some minor cleanup of related Notes:

* `Note [Scoped type variables in bindings]` and
  `Note [Scoped type variables in class and instance declarations]`
  say very nearly the same thing. I decided to just consolidate the
  two Notes into `Note [Scoped type variables in quotes]`.
* `Note [Don't quantify implicit type variables in quotes]` is
  somewhat outdated, as it predates GHC 8.10, where the
  `forall`-or-nothing rule requires kind variables to be explicitly
  quantified in the presence of an explicit `forall`. As a result,
  the running example in that Note doesn't even compile. I have
  changed the example to something simpler that illustrates the
  same point that the original Note was making.

Fixes #18388.