New test case: Variant of T14052 with data type definitions

previous attempts at fixing #11547 and #20455 were reverted because they
showed some quadratic behaviour, and the test case T15052 was added to
catch that.

I believe that similar quadratic behavor can be triggered with current
master, by using type definitions rather than value definitions, so this
adds a test case similar to T14052. I have hopes that my attempts at
fixing #11547 will lead to code that avoid the quadratic increase here.
Or not, we will see. In any case, having this in `master` and included
in future comparisons will be useful.