JS: add emsdk version checks to the configure script
This adds emsdk version bound checks to the configure
script, hopefully preventing breakage like #23641 in the future.
This is not a full fix for the emsdk version dependency issues: We should still make the JS backend less sensitive to emsdk data layout changes by querying the C compiler instead of hardcoding layout in JavaScript code. But it's not yet clear if that can be ready before the GHC 9.8 release.