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# The GHC Commentary
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This tree of wiki pages is a "commentary" on the GHC source code. It contains all the explanatory material that doesn't belong in comments in the source code itself, because the material is wide-ranging, usually covers multiple source files, and is more architectural in nature. The commentary can also be considered a design document for GHC.
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This tree of wiki pages is a "commentary" on the GHC source code. It contains all the explanatory material that doesn't belong in comments in the source code itself, because the material is wide-ranging, usually covers multiple source files, and is more architectural in nature. The commentary can also be considered a design document for GHC.
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For the beginners there is [a short getting started guide](contributing#newcomers-to-ghc).
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For the dedicated, there are videos of the 2023 [GHC contributors' workshop](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQpeDZt0_xQfTQPvjsT1ub-qVPXJ6fVy0&si=aay-zvuOexPSQkCE), where the GHC team gives detailed talks about the internals of the compiler. There are also other [videos of Simon and Simon](about-videos), at the 2006 [GHC Hackathon](hackathon).
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For the dedicated, there are [videos of Simon and Simon giving an overview of GHC](about-videos), at the 2006 [GHC Hackathon](hackathon).
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Also check out the [GHC Reading List](reading-list), which gives lots of background reading that will help you understand the actual implementation. Here's [another reading list](http://www.stephendiehl.com/posts/essential_compilers.html) from Stephen Diehl.
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Also check out the [GHC Reading List](reading-list), which gives lots of background reading that will help you understand the actual implementation. Here's [another reading list](http://www.stephendiehl.com/posts/essential_compilers.html) from Stephen Diehl.
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Stephen also has a helpful series of blog posts about GHC internals
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... | ... | @@ -21,69 +16,47 @@ Stephen also has a helpful series of blog posts about GHC internals |
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## Editing the Commentary
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Please feel free to add material to the rest of the wiki: don't worry too much about accuracy (in due course someone will edit your contribution). When unsure though please indicate this; it's best to ask on the GHC mailing list so you can correct the commentary. Please give some thought to where in the commentary your contribution belongs. GHC has an older commentary (non wiki based) that read like a single coherent narrative, made sure to define terms before using them, and introduced concepts in the order which made them easiest to understand. Please do try to preserve those properties in this wiki commentary. If you're unsure or in a hurry, consider creating a wiki page outside the commentary and linking to it from the commentary (or the "contributed documentation" section below).
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Please feel free to add material to the rest of the wiki: don't worry too much about accuracy (in due course someone will edit your contribution). When unsure though please indicate this; it's best to ask on the GHC mailing list so you can correct the commentary. Please give some thought to where in the commentary your contribution belongs. GHC has an older commentary (non wiki based) that read like a single coherent narrative, made sure to define terms before using them, and introduced concepts in the order which made them easiest to understand. Please do try to preserve those properties in this wiki commentary. If you're unsure or in a hurry, consider creating a wiki page outside the commentary and linking to it from the commentary (or the "contributed documentation" section below).
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Also try to add appropriate links to other parts of the commentary.
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## Contents
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- [Getting Started](commentary/getting-started)
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- [Source Tree Roadmap](commentary/source-tree)
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- [Module Structure](commentary/module-structure)
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- [Documentation Style](commentary/Documentation-Style-Guide)
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- [Coding Style](commentary/coding-style)
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- [Abbreviations in GHC](commentary/abbreviations)
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- [Platforms and their Naming Convention](commentary/platform-naming)
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- [The Compiler](commentary/compiler)
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- [The Libraries on which GHC depends](commentary/libraries)
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- [The Integer libraries (\`integer-gmp\` and \`integer-simple\`)](commentary/libraries/integer)
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- [The Runtime System (RTS)](commentary/rts)
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- [RTS Coding Conventions](commentary/rts/conventions)
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- [The Haskell Execution Model](commentary/rts/haskell-execution)
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- [The memory layout of heap and stack objects](commentary/rts/storage)
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- Cross-cutting concerns: topics which span both the compiler and the runtime system
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- [Profiling](commentary/profiling)
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- [Wired-in and known-key things](commentary/compiler/wired-in)
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- [Primitive Operations (PrimOps)](commentary/prim-ops)
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- [The Package System](commentary/packages)
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- [The User Manual](commentary/user-manual) (formatting guidelines etc)
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## Contributed Documentation
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The above commentary covers the source code of GHC. For material that doesn't concern this topic (such as proposals, work-in-progress and status reports) or that don't fit into the existing structure, you will find them below. Feel free to add new material here but please categorise it correctly.
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- General Notes on the GHC compiler
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- Ningning Xie's [literature review](https://github.com/xnning/GHC-Core-Literature-Review/blob/master/doc/doc.pdf) of various contributions to GHC's type system
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- Ningning Xie's [literature review](https://github.com/xnning/GHC-Core-Literature-Review/blob/master/doc/doc.pdf) of various contributions to GHC's type system
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- Edward Yang's blog post about [the entire compilation pipeline for \`factorial\`](http://blog.ezyang.com/2011/04/tracing-the-compilation-of-hello-factorial/)
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- [New Prim Ops](adding-new-primitive-operations): How to add new primitive operations to GHC Haskell.
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- [Replacing GMP](replacing-gmp-notes): Notes from an effort to replace GMP with another Bignum library.
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- [External Core](external-core): Describes the process of bringing External Core up to speed. Once finished, this will simply describe what External Core is, and how it works.
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- [External Core](external-core): Describes the process of bringing External Core up to speed. Once finished, this will simply describe what External Core is, and how it works.
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- [The Scrap your boilerplate homepage](http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/developers/index.php?title=ScrapYourBoilerplate).
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- [Optimisation Ordering](commentary/compiler/opt-ordering) Describe the ordering and interaction of optimisation passes (Old).
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- [GHC Illustrated](https://github.com/takenobu-hs/haskell-ghc-illustrated) (follow the PDF link), a very insightful tutorial on GHC's internals.
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- [Ollie Charles's 24 days of GHC Extensions](https://ocharles.org.uk/blog/pages/2014-12-01-24-days-of-ghc-extensions.html), and [ Lennart Augstsson's commentary](http://augustss.blogspot.com/2014/12/a-commentary-on-24-days-of-ghc.html)
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- [Ollie Charles's 24 days of GHC Extensions](https://ocharles.org.uk/blog/pages/2014-12-01-24-days-of-ghc-extensions.html), and [Lennart Augstsson's commentary](http://augustss.blogspot.com/2014/12/a-commentary-on-24-days-of-ghc.html)
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- [Welcome](https://ocharles.org.uk/blog/posts/2014-12-01-24-days-of-ghc-extensions.html)
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- [Static Pointers](https://ocharles.org.uk/blog/guest-posts/2014-12-23-static-pointers.html)
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- [Template Haskell](https://ocharles.org.uk/blog/guest-posts/2014-12-22-template-haskell.html)
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- [Pattern Synonyms](https://ocharles.org.uk/blog/posts/2014-12-03-pattern-synonyms.html)
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- [View Patterns](https://ocharles.org.uk/blog/posts/2014-12-02-view-patterns.html)
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- [Thanks](https://ocharles.org.uk/blog/posts/2014-12-24-conclusion.html)
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- [Commentary/Rts/CompilerWays](commentary/rts/compiler-ways): Compiler *ways* in GHC, what, how, and where
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- [How to Change the Settings Shown in `ghc --info`]
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- [Commentary/Rts/CompilerWays](commentary/rts/compiler-ways): Compiler _ways_ in GHC, what, how, and where
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- \[How to Change the Settings Shown in `ghc --info`\]
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- Notes on implemented GHC features:
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- [Evaluation order and state tokens](https://wiki.haskell.org/Evaluation_order_and_state_tokens): notes written by Michael Snoyberg in response to #9390.
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- [Notes on fusion](foldr-build-notes) (eg foldr/build)
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- [Overloaded list syntax](overloaded-lists) allows you to use list notation for things other than lists.
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- [Support for generic programming](commentary/compiler/generic-deriving)
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- [Notes about Template Haskell](template-haskell)
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- [Rewrite Rules](rewrite-rules): Notes about the implementation of RULEs in GHC
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- [Monad Comprehensions](monad-comprehensions): Translation rules and some implementation details
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- [Haddock](haddock-comments): Some notes about how the Haddock comment support is implemented.
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- [Intermediate Types](intermediate-types): Notes about the type system of GHC's new intermediate language (in the HEAD since ICFP'06)
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- [Monad Comprehensions](monad-comprehensions): Translation rules and some implementation details
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- [Haddock](haddock-comments): Some notes about how the Haddock comment support is implemented.
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- [Intermediate Types](intermediate-types): Notes about the type system of GHC's new intermediate language (in the HEAD since ICFP'06)
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- [Type families/type functions](type-functions): Notes concerning the implementation of type families, associated types, and equality constraints as well as the extension of the type checker with a contraint solver for equality constraints.
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- [Magic to do with \`seq\` and friends](commentary/compiler/seq-magic)
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- [Compiler plug-ins](new-plugins)
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- [memcpy/memmove/memset optimizations](memcpy-optimizations)
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- [memcpy/memmove/memset optimizations](memcpy-optimizations)
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- [Backend Ideas](back-end-notes): Some ideas and notes about the back end.
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- [Notes about the new code generator](commentary/compiler/new-code-gen)
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- [A record of improvements made to the performance of the Hoopl library for dataflow optimisation](commentary/compiler/hoopl-performance)
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- [OneShot](one-shot) The magic `oneShot` function.
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- [Deriving Functor, Foldable, and Traversable](commentary/compiler/derive-functor)
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- [GHC Settings File](commentary/ghc-settings-file) Change linker/compiler flags and other internal compiler settings.
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- Notes on proposed or in progress (but out of tree) GHC compiler features:
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- [Making Haskell strict](language-strict)
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- [Improving pattern-match overlap and exhaustiveness checks](pattern-match-check)
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- [Source-locations on HsSyn](ghc-ast-annotations)
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- [Lambda-Case](lambdas-vs-pattern-matching): Syntax for full (with branching) pattern matching on arguments of lambda abstractions
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- [Typeable](typeable): Making Typeable more expressive
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- [SafeRoles](safe-roles): Roles & Safe Haskell
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- Library issues
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- [Splitting up the base package](split-base)
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- GHCi Debugger
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- [Commentary/GHCi](commentary/GHCi): Notes on the implementation details for the support of breakpoints in GHCi.
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- [GHCi Debugger](ghci-debugger): Notes on the implementation details of the GHCi debugger's feature for inspecting values.
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- The Runtime System
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- [A new lightweight concurrency substrate for GHC](lightweight-concurrency)
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- [Garbage Collector](garbage-collector-notes): Notes about GHC's existing single threaded garbage collector and development of a parallel GC.
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- [GMP Memory Managment](gmp-memory-management): Describes how the garbage collector cooperates with GMP for Integer.
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- [SemiTagging](semi-tagging): Describes how the semi-tagging optimisation will be implemented.
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- [PAPI](papi): Measurement of program performance using CPU events (cache misses, branch mis-predictions).
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- Cross-cutting concerns: topics which span both the compiler and the runtime system
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- [Haskell Program Coverage](commentary/hpc): How HPC works
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- [Parallel Haskell Variants](gph-eden): All aspects of the GpH and Eden parallel variants of GHC.
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## Old Documentation
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Here are some useful, but somewhat-out-of-date resources:
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- [The old GHC Commentary](http://darcs.haskell.org/ghc/docs/comm/): Information on the internals of GHC, in various states of up-to-dateness. We are keen to move this stuff out of its current location and onto this Wiki. If anyone is willing to help do that, even for just a part in which you are interested, we would be delighted. There is a [page](commentary/migrating-old-commentary) which tracks the progress of migrating information from the old commentary to this wiki.
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- [GHC Papers](ghc-papers): Papers and pointers to other documents that relate to the inner workings of GHC. |
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- [The old GHC Commentary](http://darcs.haskell.org/ghc/docs/comm/): Information on the internals of GHC, in various states of up-to-dateness. We are keen to move this stuff out of its current location and onto this Wiki. If anyone is willing to help do that, even for just a part in which you are interested, we would be delighted. There is a [page](commentary/migrating-old-commentary) which tracks the progress of migrating information from the old commentary to this wiki.
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- [GHC Papers](ghc-papers): Papers and pointers to other documents that relate to the inner workings of GHC. |
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\ No newline at end of file |