Edit Commentary/Rts authored by Simon Marlow's avatar Simon Marlow
# GHC Commentary: The Runtime System
GHC's runtime system is a slightly scary beast: 50,000 lines of C and C-- code, much of which seems at first glance to be completely obscure. What on earth does the RTS *do*? Here are the highlights:
- It includes all the bits required to execute Haskell code that aren't compiled into the code itself.
For example, the RTS contains the code that knows how to raise an exception when you call `error`,
and code to implement the multi-precision `Integer` operations (via the GMP library).
- It includes a sophisticated storage manager, including a multi-generational garbage collector with copying
CONVERSION ERROR
Error: HttpError (HttpExceptionRequest Request {
host = "ghc.haskell.org"
port = 443
secure = True
requestHeaders = []
path = "/trac/ghc/wiki/Commentary/Rts"
queryString = "?version=3"
method = "GET"
proxy = Nothing
rawBody = False
redirectCount = 10
responseTimeout = ResponseTimeoutDefault
requestVersion = HTTP/1.1
}
(StatusCodeException (Response {responseStatus = Status {statusCode = 403, statusMessage = "Forbidden"}, responseVersion = HTTP/1.1, responseHeaders = [("Date","Sun, 10 Mar 2019 06:54:33 GMT"),("Server","Apache/2.2.22 (Debian)"),("Strict-Transport-Security","max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains"),("Vary","Accept-Encoding"),("Content-Encoding","gzip"),("Content-Length","253"),("Content-Type","text/html; charset=iso-8859-1")], responseBody = (), responseCookieJar = CJ {expose = []}, responseClose' = ResponseClose}) "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN\">\n<html><head>\n<title>403 Forbidden</title>\n</head><body>\n<h1>Forbidden</h1>\n<p>You don't have permission to access /trac/ghc/wiki/Commentary/Rts\non this server.</p>\n<hr>\n<address>Apache/2.2.22 (Debian) Server at ghc.haskell.org Port 443</address>\n</body></html>\n"))
Original source:
```trac
= GHC Commentary: The Runtime System =
GHC's runtime system is a slightly scary beast: 50,000 lines of C and C-- code, much of which seems at first glance to be completely obscure. What on earth does the RTS ''do''? Here are the highlights:
* It includes all the bits required to execute Haskell code that aren't compiled into the code itself.
For example, the RTS contains the code that knows how to raise an exception when you call {{{error}}},
and code to implement the multi-precision {{{Integer}}} operations (via the GMP library).
* It includes a sophisticated storage manager, including a multi-generational garbage collector with copying
and compacting strategies.
- It includes a user-space scheduler for Haskell threads, together with support for scheduling Haskell threads
* It includes a user-space scheduler for Haskell threads, together with support for scheduling Haskell threads
across multiple CPUs, and allowing Haskell threads to call foreign functions in separate OS threads.
- There's a byte-code interpreter for GHCi, and a dynamic linker for loading up object code into a GHCi session.
- Heap-profiling (of various kinds) and time-profiling of Haskell code are included.
* There's a byte-code interpreter for GHCi, and a dynamic linker for loading up object code into a GHCi session.
- Support for Software Transactional Memory is now included...
* Heap-profiling (of various kinds) and time-profiling of Haskell code are included.
* Support for Software Transactional Memory is now included...
Next, we try to make sense of how it all fits together.
## Block Diagram
[](/trac/ghc/attachment/wiki/Commentary/Rts/rts-overview.png)
## What the hell is a `.cmm` file?
## Layout of heap objects
## Haskell Execution
## The Scheduler
## The Storage Manager
## So how does `foreign import "wrapper"` work?
== Block Diagram ==
## GHCi support: the byte-code interpreter and dynamic linker
[[Image(rts-overview.png)]]
## Asynchronous exceptions
== RTS: Contents ==
## Software Transactional Memory (STM)
\ No newline at end of file
* What the hell is a {{{.cmm}}} file?
* Layout of heap objects
* Haskell Execution
* The Scheduler
* The Storage Manager
* So how does {{{foreign import "wrapper"}}} work?
* GHCi support: the byte-code interpreter and dynamic linker
* Asynchronous exceptions
* Software Transactional Memory (STM)
* [wiki:Commentary/Rts/Conventions Coding conventions in the RTS]
```