Update GitLab CI (#8818)

* Bump ci-images pin

* Combine Debian 10 and 11 in a matrix job

* Add most of the GHC 9.6.1 platforms that fit on the x86_64 runners

* Add centos7

Extends the "configure" logic in .gitlab/ci.sh :(

* Remove platforms unsupported by GHC 9.6.1 or Cabal 3.8.1

* Remove aarch64-linux-deb10

GHCUp fails to run on aarch64-linux-deb10 due to a glibc mismatch.

aarch64-linux-deb11 would work, but there is no GHC release for that
version yet.

* Reset GitLab CI verbosity

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Co-authored-by: mergify[bot] <37929162+mergify[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>