Backport #10320: Convert `validate.sh` to a Haskell script (#10490)

* Convert `validate.sh` to `cabal-validate`

Closes #10317.

A Haskell script will be easier to maintain and expand than the existing
Bash script.

This also adds a `--pattern PATTERN` option which lets you filter tests
across all test suites.

(cherry picked from commit 582a5c74)

# Conflicts:
#	validate.sh

* Split `cabal-validate` into modules

This disentangles the utility boilerplate from the validation logic,
making the `Main.hs` module much easier to read and modify.

(cherry picked from commit 43a39755)

* cabal-validate: Add Haddock documentation + README

(cherry picked from commit e257591a)

* Remove `ansi-terminal` dependency

(cherry picked from commit 96d6ad54)

* Use `unlines` in `printConfig`

(cherry picked from commit 9f5d90f5)

* optsParser -> rawOptsParser

(cherry picked from commit a10a2a3d)

* withTiming: take `startTime` explicitly

(cherry picked from commit 37cfe85b)

* Add `cabal-validate` to `format` job

(cherry picked from commit 92613f0e)

* Build test suites explicitly

This seems to fix an error where `long-tests` isn't built?

(cherry picked from commit d2082821)

* fixup! Remove `ansi-terminal` dependency

(cherry picked from commit bae200a4)

* fixup! Build test suites explicitly

(cherry picked from commit 1900d5e9)

* fixup! fixup! Build test suites explicitly

(cherry picked from commit 30f0faa3)

* fix pointless validate conflict since it's going away

* 3.12 doesn't have Cabal-hooks

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Co-authored-by: Rebecca Turner <rbt@sent.as>
Co-authored-by: brandon s allbery kf8nh <allbery.b@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: mergify[bot] <37929162+mergify[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>