rts: Determine max_n_capabilities at RTS startup

Previously the maximum number of capabilities supported by the RTS was
statically capped at 256. However, this bound is uncomfortably low given
the size of today's machine.

While supporting unbounded, fully-dynamic adjustment would be nice, it
is complex and so instead we do something simpler: Probe the logical
core count at RTS startup and use this as the static bound for the rest
of our execution.

This should avoid users running into the capability limit on large
machines while avoiding wasting memory on a large capabilities array for
most users and keeping complexity at bay.

Addresses #25560.

(cherry picked from commit 71f050b7)