Fix a nasty bug in the pure unifier

The pure unifier was building an infinite type, through a defective
occurs check.  So GHC went into an infinite loop.

Reason: we were neglecting the 'kco' part of the type, which
'unify_ty' maintains.  Yikes.

The fix is easy.  I refactored a bit to make it harder to
go wrong in future.

(cherry picked from commit e99fdf77)