Provide default implementation of `Monad(return)`

This was dropped last-minute from d94de872
(re #4834) together with the default implementation for `(>>)`
(see 65f887e1 for explanation).

However, the risk of accidental mutually recursive definitions of
`return`/`pure` is rather low as unlike with the `(>>) = (*>)` default,
any cyclic definitions would necessarily wind up being new ones, rather
than changing the semantics for old operations and introducing bottoms.

On the other hand, not having the default method implementation in place
in GHC 7.10 would complicate/delay any future attempt to clean-up the
`Monad`-class.

This finally allows (for `base >= 4.8`) to define a F/A/M instance-chain
with the following minimal definitions (while ignoring that `return` is
still a class-method in `Monad`)

  instance Functor M where
    fmap  = ...

  instance Applicative M where
    pure  = ...
    (<*>) = ...

  instance Monad M where
    (>>=) = ...

(cherry picked from commit a741e69a)