Extended the plugin system to run plugins on more representations

Extend GHC plugins to access parsed, type checked representation,
interfaces that are loaded. And splices that are evaluated. The goal is
to enable development tools to access the GHC representation in the
pre-existing build environment.

See the full proposal here:
https://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/ExtendedPluginsProposal

Reviewers: goldfire, bgamari, ezyang, angerman, mpickering

Reviewed By: mpickering

Subscribers: ezyang, angerman, mpickering, ulysses4ever, rwbarton, thomie, carter

GHC Trac Issues: #14709

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.haskell.org/D4342