Implement "roles" into GHC.

Roles are a solution to the GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving type-safety
problem.

Roles were first described in the "Generative type abstraction" paper,
by Stephanie Weirich, Dimitrios Vytiniotis, Simon PJ, and Steve Zdancewic.
The implementation is a little different than that paper. For a quick
primer, check out Note [Roles] in Coercion. Also see
http://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/Roles
and
http://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/RolesImplementation
For a more formal treatment, check out docs/core-spec/core-spec.pdf.

This fixes Trac #1496, #4846, #7148.