Refactor estimation of stack info table provenance

This commit greatly refactors the way we compute estimated provenance for stack
info tables. Previously, this process was done using an entirely separate traversal
of the whole Cmm code stream to build the map from info tables to source locations.
The separate traversal is now fused with the Cmm code generation pipeline in
GHC.Driver.Main.

This results in very significant code generation speed ups when -finfo-table-map is
enabled. In testing, this patch reduces code generation times by almost 30% with
-finfo-table-map and -O0, and 60% with -finfo-table-map and -O1 or -O2 .

Fixes #23103