Use FlexibleInstances for `Outputable (* p)` instead of match-all instances...

Use FlexibleInstances for `Outputable (* p)` instead of match-all instances with equality constraints

In #17304, Richard and Simon dicovered that using `-XFlexibleInstances`
for `Outputable` instances of AST data types means users can provide orphan
`Outputable` instances for passes other than `GhcPass`.

Type inference doesn't currently to suffer, and Richard gave an example
in #17304 that shows how rare a case would be where the slightly worse
type inference would matter.

So I went ahead with the refactoring, attempting to fix #17304.